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Chemistry > Reactions, Rates- Unit 2 > Flashcards

Reactions, Rates- Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is formed when a substance is dissolved in water?

A

An aqueous solution, which can be acidic, neutral or alkaline.

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2
Q

What are soluble hydroxides?

A

Alkalis, they make an alkaline solution. Eg sodium hydroxide solution.

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3
Q

What are bases?

A

Substances that can neutralise acids. Eg metal oxides and metal hydroxides.

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4
Q

Name examples of acids.

A

Ethanoic acid, citric acid, sulphuric acid.

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5
Q

What is ethanoic acid found in?

A

Vinegar.

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6
Q

What is pure water described as?

A

Neutral, it has a pH of 7.

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7
Q

Name an example of an acid formed from adding water.

A

Hydrochloric acid. Formed when gas hydrogen chloride dissolves in water.
HCL- H+(aq) + Cl- (aq)

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8
Q

What ions do all acids form when added to water?

A

H+ ions which make solution acidic.

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9
Q

Are acids or alkalis used as bases in experiments?

A

Alkalis because they dissolve in water.

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10
Q

Name a alkaline solution formed when added to water.

A

Sodium hydroxide solution which is formed when dissolving solid sodium hydroxide,
NaOH (s)- Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

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11
Q

What ions do all alkalines form when added to water?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-) which makes the solution alkaline.

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12
Q

What does state symbol (s) stand for?

A

Solid.

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13
Q

What are indicators?

A

Substances which change colour when added to acids and alkalis eg litmus paper.

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14
Q

What does the pH scale show?

A

How acidic or alkaline a solution is.

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15
Q

What is the Ph scale?

A

0-14

Most acidic- most alkaline.

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16
Q

What does it mean if a substance has a pH of 7?

A

It is neutral, neither acidic or alkaline.

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17
Q

What is universal indicator made from?

A

A number of dyes which turns a range of colours as the pH changes.

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18
Q

What is one way of making salts with acids?

A

Reacting them with metals.

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19
Q

How can reacting acids with metals only work?

A

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen.

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20
Q

What will happen if a metal less reactive than hydrogen reacts with acids?

A

Form a salt with hydrogen gas.

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21
Q

What are two metals too reactive to react with acid?

A

Sodium and potassium.

22
Q

What does the reaction between an acid/metal produce?

A

Salts.

23
Q

What does the state symbol g stand for?

A

Gas.

24
Q

What happens when you react an acid with an insoluble base?

A

Salt and water is formed.

25
Q

How can you describe the reaction between an acid and insoluable base?

A

Acid + base- salt + water.

26
Q

What is the reaction of a insoluable base and acid?

A

Neutralisation reaction.

27
Q

What does the salt that is made depend on?

A

Metal/base used.

28
Q

What do bases with sodium ions make?

A

Sodium salts.

29
Q

What do bases with potassium ions make?

A

Potassium salts.

30
Q

What does hydrochloric acid make when reacted with a metal?

A

Chlorides.

31
Q

What does sulphuric acid make when combined with an insoluable base?

A

Sulfates.

32
Q

What does nitric acid make when combined with an insoluable base?

A

Nitrates.

33
Q

How can you make copper sulphate?

A

From copper oxide (insoluable base) and sulphuric acid.

34
Q

What is the formula of copper oxide and sulphuric acid?

A

H2S04 (aq) + CuO(s)- CuS04 (aq) + H20(I)

35
Q

Name the method used to make copper sulphate.

A

Add insoluable copper oxide to sulphuric acid, stir and warm gently on tripod and gauze.
Solution will turn blue as copper sulphate is being formed.
When complete, filter to remove excess.
Evaporate the water so crystals begin to form.
Stop heating when first crystals appear at edge.
Leave rest to evaporate slowly to give larger crystals.

36
Q

What sulfates are insoluable?

A

Silver, barium. Calcium and lead

37
Q

What does a rate of reaction tell us?

A

How fast reactants turn into products.

38
Q

Why are reaction rates so important in industry?

A

Any industrial process has to make money by producing useful products. Make product needed as cheaply as possible. Too long to produce- hard to make profit when sold. Rate of reaction must be fast enough to make quickly and safely.

39
Q

What is the formula to work out the rate of reaction?

A

Rate of reaction is the amount of reactants used/ amount of products formed/ time.

40
Q

What are the two ways you can work out the rate of reaction?

A

How quickly the reactants are used up as they make products or how quickly the products of the reaction are made.

41
Q

What are the three practicals to make the rate of reaction measurements?

A

Measuring the decreasing mass of a reaction mixture, measuring the decreasing light passing through a solution and measuring the increasing volume of a gas given off.

42
Q

How can you tell on a graph the reaction rate?

A

The steeper the line on a graph, the faster the reaction rate.

43
Q

What are the main four factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions?

A

Temperature, surface area, concentration of solutions or pressures of gases and prescence of a catalyst.

44
Q

What is collision theory?

A

Particles of reactants just collide with a certain amount of energy before they can react.

45
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The smallest amount of energy that particles must have before they can react.

46
Q

How can we make reactions more likely to happen between reactant particles?

A

Increasing the chance of reacting particles colliding with each other or increasing the energy they have when they collide.

47
Q

In either smaller or larger lumps of solid are more particles exposed to the solution?

A

Smaller lumps because each tiny piece of solids is exposed.

48
Q

What does it mean if more particles are exposed in a solution?

A

Reactions will take place more quickly.

49
Q

What does increasing the number of collisions in a certain time and the energy of collisions do?

A

Produce faster rates.

50
Q

What does larger surface area mean for collision theory?

A

It increases the frequency, not energy, of collisions.

Chemistry (5 decks)

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