Reactions of Organic Compounds Flashcards
What is the general formula of an alkane
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula of an alkene
CnH2n
What is the general formula for complete combustion of alkanes
alkane + oxygen -> carbondioxide + water
What is the general formula for substitution reactions with halogens for alkanes?
halogen + alkane -> haloalkane + hydrogenhalide
What is the general formula for incomplete combustion of alkanes
Alkane + Oxygen -> CarbonMonoxide + Water
How are alkanes formed
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
How are alkenes formed
By cracking (decomposing) alkanes.
What is the general formula for addition of halogens to alkenes?
halogen + alkene -> dihaloalkene
What is the general formula for the formation of alcohols?
alkene + water -> alcohol
What happens to the bonds in the alkene when it reacts with water to form an alcohol?
The C=C double bond breaks.
“ane” in alkane refers to?
Being saturated
“ene” in alkene refers to?
Having a C=C double bond
“ol” in alcohol refers to?
The presence of an OH
What is a renewable way to produce alcohol?
Fermentation of sugars
More things to know:
It is a batch process
Has a purity of max 15%
Sugars are decomposed by yeast, making alcohol and CO2
Carboxylic acids are made by?
Reacting an alcohol with an oxidising agent
Carboxylic acids are _______ (weak/strong), because the H in the _____(COOH/CnH2n+1), _________(partially/fully) dissociates
weak
COOH
partially
What is a common oxidising agent that we can use for alcohols?
potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Reacting alcohols and carboxylic acids makes
esters
the “oic acid” in carboxylic acid names refers to?
The presence of a COOH
with a C=O group. and C-O-H
(on the same C)
How are polyesters formed?
by adding a diacid and diol
What is a byproduct of forming a polyester
(2n-1)H2O
How are esters named?
first part from alcohol
second part from carboxylic acid
Suffixes -yl and -oate
i.e. ethanol + propanoic acid ->
ethylpropanoate
How are polyalkenes formed and named
Many (1000s) of alkenes join
poly + name of original alkene.
Which catalyst is needed for cracking?
Al2O3
At what temperature does crude oil enter a fractionating column.
300
What is the use of the alkanes that come from each of the fractionating columns
A (still a gas) - natural gas (cooking)
B (top column) - petrol/gasoline
C - Naphtha (to make other chemicals)
D - Kerosene (Jet fuel)
E - Diesel (fuel in trucks)
F - Fuel oil (fuel in boats)
G - Lubricating Oil (nice try diddy)
H (already liquid) - Asphalt
