Reactions of Organic Compounds

Question 1

What is the general formula of an alkane

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

What is the general formula of an alkene

Answer 2

CnH2n

Question 3

What is the general formula for complete combustion of alkanes

Answer 3

alkane + oxygen -> carbondioxide + water

Question 4

What is the general formula for substitution reactions with halogens for alkanes?

Answer 4

halogen + alkane -> haloalkane + hydrogenhalide

Question 5

What is the general formula for incomplete combustion of alkanes

Answer 5

Alkane + Oxygen -> CarbonMonoxide + Water

Question 6

How are alkanes formed

Answer 6

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Question 7

How are alkenes formed

Answer 7

By cracking (decomposing) alkanes.

Question 8

What is the general formula for addition of halogens to alkenes?

Answer 8

halogen + alkene -> dihaloalkene

Question 9

What is the general formula for the formation of alcohols?

Answer 9

alkene + water -> alcohol

Question 10

What happens to the bonds in the alkene when it reacts with water to form an alcohol?

Answer 10

The C=C double bond breaks.

Question 11

“ane” in alkane refers to?

Answer 11

Being saturated

Question 12

“ene” in alkene refers to?

Answer 12

Having a C=C double bond

Question 13

“ol” in alcohol refers to?

Answer 13

The presence of an OH

Question 14

What is a renewable way to produce alcohol?

Answer 14

Fermentation of sugars

More things to know:
It is a batch process
Has a purity of max 15%
Sugars are decomposed by yeast, making alcohol and CO2

Question 15

Carboxylic acids are made by?

Answer 15

Reacting an alcohol with an oxidising agent

Question 16

Carboxylic acids are _______ (weak/strong), because the H in the _____(COOH/CnH2n+1), _________(partially/fully) dissociates

Answer 16

weak
COOH
partially

Question 17

What is a common oxidising agent that we can use for alcohols?

Answer 17

potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Question 18

Reacting alcohols and carboxylic acids makes

Answer 18

esters

Question 19

the “oic acid” in carboxylic acid names refers to?

Answer 19

The presence of a COOH
with a C=O group. and C-O-H
(on the same C)

Question 20

How are polyesters formed?

Answer 20

by adding a diacid and diol

Question 21

What is a byproduct of forming a polyester

Answer 21

(2n-1)H2O

Question 22

How are esters named?

Answer 22

first part from alcohol
second part from carboxylic acid
Suffixes -yl and -oate
i.e. ethanol + propanoic acid ->
ethylpropanoate

Question 23

How are polyalkenes formed and named

Answer 23

Many (1000s) of alkenes join
poly + name of original alkene.

Question 24

Which catalyst is needed for cracking?

Answer 24

Al2O3

Question 25

At what temperature does crude oil enter a fractionating column.

Answer 25

300

Question 26

What is the use of the alkanes that come from each of the fractionating columns

Answer 26

A (still a gas) - natural gas (cooking)
B (top column) - petrol/gasoline
C - Naphtha (to make other chemicals)
D - Kerosene (Jet fuel)
E - Diesel (fuel in trucks)
F - Fuel oil (fuel in boats)
G - Lubricating Oil (nice try diddy)
H (already liquid) - Asphalt