Reactions of Organic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

What is the general formula of an alkene

A

CnH2n

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3
Q

What is the general formula for complete combustion of alkanes

A

alkane + oxygen -> carbondioxide + water

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4
Q

What is the general formula for substitution reactions with halogens for alkanes?

A

halogen + alkane -> haloalkane + hydrogenhalide

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5
Q

What is the general formula for incomplete combustion of alkanes

A

Alkane + Oxygen -> CarbonMonoxide + Water

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6
Q

How are alkanes formed

A

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

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7
Q

How are alkenes formed

A

By cracking (decomposing) alkanes.

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8
Q

What is the general formula for addition of halogens to alkenes?

A

halogen + alkene -> dihaloalkene

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9
Q

What is the general formula for the formation of alcohols?

A

alkene + water -> alcohol

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10
Q

What happens to the bonds in the alkene when it reacts with water to form an alcohol?

A

The C=C double bond breaks.

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11
Q

“ane” in alkane refers to?

A

Being saturated

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12
Q

“ene” in alkene refers to?

A

Having a C=C double bond

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13
Q

“ol” in alcohol refers to?

A

The presence of an OH

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14
Q

What is a renewable way to produce alcohol?

A

Fermentation of sugars

More things to know:
It is a batch process
Has a purity of max 15%
Sugars are decomposed by yeast, making alcohol and CO2

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15
Q

Carboxylic acids are made by?

A

Reacting an alcohol with an oxidising agent

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16
Q

Carboxylic acids are _______ (weak/strong), because the H in the _____(COOH/CnH2n+1), _________(partially/fully) dissociates

A

weak
COOH
partially

17
Q

What is a common oxidising agent that we can use for alcohols?

A

potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

18
Q

Reacting alcohols and carboxylic acids makes

A

esters

19
Q

the “oic acid” in carboxylic acid names refers to?

A

The presence of a COOH
with a C=O group. and C-O-H
(on the same C)

20
Q

How are polyesters formed?

A

by adding a diacid and diol

21
Q

What is a byproduct of forming a polyester

A

(2n-1)H2O

22
Q

How are esters named?

A

first part from alcohol
second part from carboxylic acid
Suffixes -yl and -oate
i.e. ethanol + propanoic acid ->
ethylpropanoate

23
Q

How are polyalkenes formed and named

A

Many (1000s) of alkenes join
poly + name of original alkene.

24
Q

Which catalyst is needed for cracking?

A

Al2O3

25
Q

At what temperature does crude oil enter a fractionating column.

A

300

26
Q

What is the use of the alkanes that come from each of the fractionating columns

A

A (still a gas) - natural gas (cooking)
B (top column) - petrol/gasoline
C - Naphtha (to make other chemicals)
D - Kerosene (Jet fuel)
E - Diesel (fuel in trucks)
F - Fuel oil (fuel in boats)
G - Lubricating Oil (nice try diddy)
H (already liquid) - Asphalt