Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What is a bond between two non-metals called

Answer 1

A covalent bond

Question 2

Define compound

Answer 2

A chemically bonded substance made of 2 or more elements with fixed proportions

Question 3

What is a diatomic molecule

Answer 3

A molecule made of two atoms

Question 4

What is covalent bonding in terms of electrons

Answer 4

A chemical bond through shared electrons

Question 5

What is covalent bonding in terms of components

Answer 5

Two or more non-metals

Question 6

What forces are in lattice covalent bonds

Answer 6

Strong covalent bonds

Question 7

Molecules can only have one type of bonding and structure, which is:

Answer 7

discrete covalent

Question 8

What forces are there INSIDE discrete covalent molecules

Answer 8

Strong Covalent Bonds

Question 9

What forces are there BETWEEN discrete covalent molecules

Answer 9

Weak Inter Molecular Forces

Question 10

How big is a lattice structure

Answer 10

infinite

Question 11

How big is a discrete covalent structure

Answer 11

Very small, sometimes only 2 atoms.

Question 12

Example question 1: How many electrons are shared in H2

Answer 12

2 electrons (1 pair)

Question 13

Example question 1: How many electrons are shared in N2

Answer 13

6 electrons (3 pairs)

Question 14

What is the number of shared electron pairs based on

Answer 14

The combining power of the atoms

Question 15

Example question 1: describe the shared electron pairs in NH3

Answer 15

3 H have a pair of shared electrons with one N
H N H
H

Question 16

Example question 1: describe the shared electron pairs in CO2

Answer 16

2 O have 2 pairs of shared electrons with one C
O=C=O

Question 17

How are covalent bonds drawn

Answer 17

Like a venn diagram, with the number of pairs of shared electrons drawn in the center. ONLY the OUTER energy level is drawn.

Question 18

What are the melting points of discrete covalent structures

Answer 18

Very low

Question 19

Why are the melting points of discrete covalent structures low

Answer 19

Because they have weak IMFs, which do not require lots of force to break apart.

Question 20

Discrete covalent structures are soluble in ___________

Answer 20

Nothing

Question 21

Discrete covalent structures are conductive in what forms?

Answer 21

None.

Question 22

Why don’t discrete covalent structures conduct?

Answer 22

Because they have no charged particles

Question 23

What is a bond between a metal and a non-metal called

Answer 23

Ionic Bond

Question 24

What are the forces in ionic bonds

Answer 24

electrostatic forces

Question 25

What is an ionic lattice structure

Answer 25

A structure of alternating atoms of positive and negative charges.

Question 26

What happens physically for an atom to become an ion?

Answer 26

It either gains or loses electron(s)

Question 27

What happens physically for an ionic bond to occur

Answer 27

One atom takes electron(s) from another atom

Question 28

How are ionic compounds drawn

Answer 28

The ion version of the atom (having lost or gained e-(s) with all its energy levels that contain e-(s), in [] with its charge at the top right corner, and ....... (electrostatic force) between the ions.

Question 29

How is charge written

Answer 29

Magnitude of charge followed by type of charge (2+, 3-, +, 4-)

Question 30

What is charge based on?

Answer 30

How many e-(s) an atom has to lose to have a full outer energy level

Question 31

Ionic substances are soluble in _______

Answer 31

water

Question 32

The melting points of ionic substances are _______

Answer 32

very high

Question 33

Why are the melting points of ionic substances high?

Answer 33

Because strong electrostatic forces require lots of energy to break apart.

Question 34

Ionic substances conduct as _______

Answer 34

liquid (l) or aqueous (aq)

Question 35

How do ionic substances conduct (What carries charge?)

Answer 35

Electrons carry charge

Question 36

Why do ionic substances conduct as fluids except gases

Answer 36

They don't conduct as gases, because gases can't carry charge, and not as solids, because the electrons can't move to carry charge

Question 37

Are ionic substances malleable

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Why aren't ionic substances malleable?

Answer 38

Because if the atoms are moved from their pattern of opposing charges, and atoms have the same charges, they will repel each other and therefore break apart.

Question 39

What are cations

Answer 39

Positive ions (Having lost electrons)

Question 40

What are anions

Answer 40

Negative ions (Having gained electrons)

Question 41

Why does graphite conduct electricity, but diamond doesn't?

Answer 41

Because graphite has seas of delocalised electrons which can move and carry charge

Question 42

What are the forces in lattice covalent structures

Answer 42

Strong covalent bonds

Question 43

Is graphite malleable

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Why is graphite malleable

Answer 44

Because it is in layers which can easily maintain their shape when bent or hit

Question 45

Are lattice covalent structures GENERALLY malleable

Answer 45

No

Question 46

Why are lattice covalent structures brittle

Answer 46

Because if one bond breaks, many more tend to break with it

Question 47

What are lattice covalent structures soluble in

Answer 47

Nothing

Question 48

Melting points of lattice covalent structures are _____

Answer 48

Very high

Question 49

Why are melting points in lattice covalent structures high

Answer 49

Because it requires a lot of energy to break so many strong covalent bonds

Question 50

What is it called when metals bond with metals

Answer 50

Metallic bonding

Question 51

What is it called when two DIFFERENT metals are chemically bonded

Answer 51

An alloy

Question 52

Are metals malleable

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

Why are metals malleable

Answer 53

Because they are in layers which can easily maintain their shape when bent or hit

Question 54

How do metals carry charge

Answer 54

Through delocalized e-(s)

Question 55

Metals conduct as ______

Answer 55

solids

Question 56

What does metallic structure look like

Answer 56

There are layers of the metal, arranged in a pattern, altetnating with layers of delocalised e-s in a random pattern (same as graphite)