Reactions Ochem Flashcards
dehydration of alcohol
loss of H20 when treated with a strong base, forms an alkene (double bond) as the product
Oxidation of a primary alcohol
First it oxidizes to an aldehyde, and then to a carboxylic acid
Oxidation of a secondary alcohol
Oxidizes to a ketone
Oxidation of a tertiary alcohol
No reaction because it lacks a C-H bond
Oxidizing Agents for alcohols
Chromic acid
Acidic Dichromate
KMnO4
Oxidation of aldehydes
Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids in the presence of potassium dichromate
Tollen’s Reagent
silver oxide + ammonium hydroxide
Ag2O + NH4OH
Carboxylic acids + base
Carboxylic acids react with a base to from water soluble salts
O(-) Na(+) + H-OH
Ester formation
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form an ester and a molecule of water in the presence of an acid catalyst
Ester hydrolysis
An ester and a molecule of water react with an acid catalyst to form a carboxylic acid and molecule of alcohol.
Saponification
(Basic Hydrolysis)
Esters are hydrolyzed in a base to form carboxylate anions and an alcohol molecule.
Amines + acid
Amines react with acids (HCl) to form ammonium salts
Ammonium salt consists of…
a + charged ammonium ion
a - charged anion
Amide + water in an acid…
forms a carboxylic acid and ammonium salt
Hydrolyze an Amide
Amides are hydrolyzed in a base to form carboxylate anions and an ammonia molecule (or amine molecule).
Ammonium salts can be reconverted to an amine with…
treatment of a base.
