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chem > ch14 > Flashcards

ch14 Flashcards

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1
Q

monosaccharides are ___compounds with ___melting points, they are capable of ___bonding, and are ___water-soluble

A

polar compounds
high melting point
hydrogen bonding
very water soluble

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2
Q

glucose and fructose are_____

A

monosaccharides

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3
Q

disaccharides contain no _______

A

carbonyl groups

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4
Q

monosaccharides with a carbonyl group at C1

A

aldoses

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5
Q

monosaccharides with a carbonyl group at C2

A

ketoses

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6
Q

triose

A

3 carbons

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7
Q

tetrose

A

4 carbons

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8
Q

pentose

A

5 carbons

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9
Q

hexose

A

6 carbons

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10
Q

galactosemia

A

lack the enzyme needed to metabolize galactose, which accumulates. Causes cataracts and cirrhosis.

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11
Q

the prefix D is used when…

A

the -OH group is drawn on the right side of the carbon chain

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12
Q

the prefix L is used when…

A

the -OH group is drawn on the left side of the carbon chain

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13
Q

naturally occurring isomer of monosaccharides

A

D-

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14
Q

If a monosaccharide has more than one chirality center, the chirality center _____ determines whether it is D or L.

A

farthest from the carbonyl group

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15
Q

another name for glucose

A

dextrose

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16
Q

normal blood glucose levels

A

70-100mg/dL

17
Q

insulin

A

conversation of glucose into glycogen

18
Q

glucagon

A

raise the concentration of glucose and fat in the bloodstream, the main catabolic hormone of the body.

19
Q

hemiacetals

A

addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone

20
Q

acetal

A

when an hemiacetal reacts with another molecule of alcohol.

21
Q

a isomer

A

a-D-glucose, the OH group is drawn down

22
Q

b isomer

A

b-D-glucose, the OH group is drawn up

23
Q

reduction of the aldehyde carbonyl group

A

the carbonyl group is reduced to an alcohol using H2 with Pd.
Product is called alditol.
H-C=O turns into CH2OH

24
Q

oxidation of the aldehyde carbonyl group

A

oxidized to a gluconic acid using Benedict’s reagent. (Blue to Red)
H-C=O turns into OH-C=O (COOH)

25
Q

reducing sugars

A

carbohydrates that are oxidized with benedicts reagent

26
Q

the reduction reaction occurs when…

A

the cyclic structure has been opened, and the aldehyde group is available for oxidation

27
Q

fructose and ketone are reducing sugars, despite no aldehyde group because…

A

the reduction occurs because the reagents are basic solutions

28
Q

Maltose

A

glucose + glucose

reducing

29
Q

Lactose

A

galactose + glucose

Reducing

30
Q

Sucrose

A

Fructose +glucose

non-reducing

31
Q

starch

A

repeating glucose units helps by alpha glycosidic linkages

water soluble and capable of hydrogen bonding.

32
Q

amylose

A

unbranched,20%, helical arrangement

33
Q

amylopectin

A

branched, 80%

chem (8 decks)

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