ch15 Flashcards
LDL
transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues
HDL
transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver
recommended levels of HDL
> 40 mg/dL
recommended levels of LDL
< 100 mg/dL
recommended total serum cholesterol level
< 200 mg/dL
When a hormone binds to a receptor, it results in the activation of a ____
signal transduction pathway
Hormones bind to ___, to affect distant cells and change the cell function
receptor proteins
female sex hormones
estrogens and progestins
estrogens
estradiol and estrone, control development of secondary sex characteristics and regulate menstrual cycle
progestin
progesterone, “Pregnancy hormone” prep of uterus for implantation of fertilized egg
male sex hormones
called androgens, testosterone and androsterone
anabolic steroids
synthetic androgens, not metabolized as quickly and can cause high BP, liver damage, and cardiovascular disease
three adrenal cortical steroids
aldosterone, cortisone, cortisol
aldosterone
regulate BP by controlling concentration of Na+ and K+
cortisone and cortisol
anti-inflammatory drugs, regulate carbohydrate metabolism
prednisone
synthetic alternative to cortisone
cortisone
suppress organ rejection after transplant surgery, treat allergies and autoimmune disorders.
4 fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
2 water soluble vitamins
B and C
Vitamin A
found in fish,liver, and dairy
made from B-Carotene
deficiency affects visions, eyes, and skin
Vitamin D
synthesized from cholesterol
found in milk
helps regulate Ca+ and K+ metabolism
deficient: rickets
Vitamin E
antioxidant found in nuts
deficient: neurologica problems
antioxidants
protect unsaturated side chains in fatty acids from unwanted oxidation
vitamin K
regulates clotting proteins (prothrombin)
deficient: excessive bleeding
hydrolyzable lipids
waxes
triacylglycerols
phospholipids
nonhydrolyzable lipids
steroid
fat-soluble vitamins
saturated fatty acids
no double bonds
unsaturated fatty acids
one or more double bond
increase # of double bonds =
decrease melting point
fats have a ___melting point
oils have a ___ melting point
fats have a higher melting point (few double bonds)
oils have a lower melting point (large number of double bonds)
waxes composed of
a fatty acid and a long chain alcohol
