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chem > ch16 > Flashcards

ch16 Flashcards

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1
Q

ferritin

A

protein that stores iron in the liver

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2
Q

pH at 6 to 7

A

neutral amino acid, zwittterionic form

no net charge

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3
Q

pH < 2

A

the carboxylate anion gains a proton, giving the amino acid a net positive charge (addition of a strong acid)
COO- becomes COOH

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4
Q

pH > 10

A

the ammonium cation loses a proton, giving the amino acid a net negative charge (addition of a strong base)
H3N+ becomes H2N

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5
Q

fibrous protein

A

long linear polypeptide chains
insoluble in water
provide structural support

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6
Q

globular protein

A 
coiled into compact shapes
water soluble (hydrophilic outer surface)
ex. enzymes and transport proteins
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7
Q

a-Keratin

A

alanine and leucine
Large number of casting residues
disulfide bonds

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8
Q

collagen

A

glycine and proline
hydrogen bonding
needs vitamin C

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9
Q

oxidoreductases

A

catalyze redox reaction

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10
Q

transferases

A

catalyze transfer of a functional group to a different molecule
ex Kinase and Transaminase

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11
Q

Kinase

A

transfer of phosphate group

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12
Q

Transaminase

A

transfer of amino group

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13
Q

hydrolases

A

hydrolysis reactions, add water and break bonds

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14
Q

catalase

A

catalyze the conversion of H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide to O2 and H2O

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15
Q

carboxypeptidase

A

catalyze a particular type of reaction with a variety of substrates

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16
Q

carboxypeptidase

A

a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of a specific peptide bond (@ c-terminal end)

17
Q

Hydrolase’s can be subdivided into___

A

lipases

18
Q

Lipase

A

catalyze the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in lipids

19
Q

Protease

A

catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins

20
Q

Cofactor

A

metal ion/nonprotein organic molecule needed for an enzyme reaction to occur

21
Q

NAD+

A

cofactor that oxidizes lactate to pyruvate

22
Q

Coenzyme

A

an organic compound that serves as an enzyme cofactor, these bind temporarily to the catalytic site

23
Q

Reversible inhibitor

A

binds to an enzyme, but can detach and allow enzyme activity to be restored

24
Q

Irreversible inhibitor

A

covalently binds to an enzyme and permanently destroys its activity

25
Q

Noncompetitive inhibitor

A

bonds to the enzyme, but not the active site

26
Q

A competitive inhibitor

A

has the shape and structure similar to the substrate, and competes with it to bind to the active site

27
Q

penicillin

A

antibiotic that irreversible binds to the OH group of enzyme needed for the synthesis of a bacterial cell wall
(glycopeptide transpeptidase)

28
Q

Antibiotic Sulfanilamide

A

competitive inhibitor of the enzyme needed to synthesize vitamin folic acid in bacteria.
binds to active site, preventing growth of bacteria

29
Q

creatine phosphokinase

A

heart attack

30
Q

alkaline phosphatase present

A

liver or bone disease

31
Q

acid phosphate present

A

prostate cancer

32
Q

amylase, lipase present in the blood

A

disease of pancreas

33
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

prevent high BP by preventing ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) synthesis

34
Q

enkephalins

A

peptides synthesized in the brain that act as painkillers and sedatives by binding to pain receptors

35
Q

lysozyme

A

catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds in the bacterial walls, weakening them and causing bacteria to burst

36
Q

protein hydrolysis

A

the amide bonds in a protein form the individual amino acids that comprise the primary structure

37
Q

trypsinogen to trypsin by….

A

enterokinase
inactive to active
intestines

38
Q

protein denaturation

A

altering the shape of the protein without breaking the bonds that form the primary structure.

39
Q

specific conditions for enzymes

A

pH around 7.4 and temperature of 37 degrees C

chem (8 decks)

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