reactions Flashcards by bethany loughead

reagents and conditions for alkene -> alkane

H2/Ni
150’

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reagents and conditions for alkene -> dihalogenoalkane

X2
room temp

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reagents and conditions for alkane -> halogenoalkane

Cl2
UV

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reagents and conditions for alkene -> halogenoalkane

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reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> alkene

NaOH + ethanol
heat

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reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> alcohol

NaOH(aq)

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reagents and conditions for alcohol -> halogenoalkane

conc HX/PCL5

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reagents and conditions for alcohol -> ketone

2’ alcohol + acidified potassium dichromate
reflux

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reagents and conditions for alcohol -> aldehyde

1’ alcohol + acidified potassium dichromate
distill out immediately

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reagents and conditions for ketone -> alcohol

LiAlH2 + ethoxyethane
hydrolysis

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reagents and conditions for aldehyde -> alcohol

LiAlH2 + ethoxyethane
hydrolysis

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reagents and conditions for aldehyde -> hydroxynitrile

KCN + HCN

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reagents and conditions for ketone -> hydroxynitrile

KCN + HCN

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reagents and conditions for Grignard reagent -> 1’ alcohol

HCOH

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reagent and conditions for Grignard reagent -> 2’ alcohol

RCOH

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reagent and conditions for Grignard reagent -> 3’ alcohol

RCOR’

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reagent and conditions for halogenoalkane -> Grignard reagent

Mg + ethoxyethane

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reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> amine

conc NH3 + ethanol

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reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> nitrile

KCN + ethanol

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reagents and conditions for nitrile -> amine

H2/Ni
150’

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reagents and conditions for Grignard reagent -> carboxylic acid

CO2
hydrolysis

reagents and conditions for nitrile -> carboxylic acid

HCl
heat

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid -> aldehyde

LiAlH2 + ethoxyethane
hydrolysis

reagents and conditions for aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

acidified potassium dichromate
reflux

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid -> ester

ROH + conc H2SO4 heat

reagents and conditions for ester -> carboxylic acid

HCl(aq) /H2SO4(aq) reflux

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid -> acylchloride

PCl5 room temp

reagents and conditions for acylchloride -> carboxylic acid

H2O room temp

reagents and conditions for acylchloride -> ester

ROH room temp

reagents and conditions for acylchloride -> amide

conc NH3

what reaction(s) forms an amide

acylchloride undergoes a condensation reaction with concentrated ammonia

what reaction(s) forms an ester

nucleophillic substitution-elimination of an acyl chloride with ROH at room temperature esterfication of a carboxylic acid when heated with ROH and concentrated H2SO4

what reaction(s) form a carboxylic acid

hydrolysis of acylchloride with H2O at room temperature hydrolysis of an ester with concentrated HCl(aq) or H2SO4(aq) under reflux oxidation of aldehyde/1' alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate under reflux hydrolysis of a nitrile with HCl(aq) and heat Grignard reagent + CO2 then hydrolysis with water

what reaction(s) form an acylchloride

carboxylic acid + PCl5 at room temperature

what reaction(s) form a nitrile

nucleophilic substitution of a halogenoalkane with KCN + ethanol

what reaction(s) form an amine

nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkane + concentrated ammonia (NH3) and ethanol in a sealed container nitrile + H2/Ni at 150'

what reaction(s) form a Grignard reagent

halogenoalkane + Mg and ethoxyethane (dry ether)

what reaction(s) form a halogenoalkane

free radical substitution of an alkane to a halogenoalkane with Cl2 and uv light electrophilic addition of alkene with HX substitution of an alcohol with concentrated HX or PCl5

what reaction(s) form an alkane

hydrogenation of an alkene with H2/Ni at 150'

what reaction(s) form an alkene

elimination reaction of a halogenoalkane by heating with NaOH and ethanol

what reaction(s) form a dihalogenoalkane

alkene + X2 at room temperature

what reaction(s) form an alcohol

hydrolysis of a halogenoalkane with NaOH(aq) Grignard reagent + HCOH + RCHO + R'COR'' and hydrolysis reduction of a ketone using LiAlH4 + ethoxyethane (dry ether) and hydrolysis reduction of an aldehyde using LiAlH4 + ethoxyethane (dry ether) and hydrolysis

what reaction(s) form a ketone

oxidation of a 1' alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate(VII) under reflux

what reaction(s) form an aldehyde

oxidation of a 2' alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate(VII) and distill out immediately reduction of a carboxylic acid with LiAlH4 + ethoxyethane (dry ether) and hydrolysis

what reaction(s) form a hydroxynitrile

ketone/aldehyde + KCN + HCN

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> chlorobenzene

Cl2(g) + AlCl3 room temperature substitution

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> nitrobenzene

conc H2SO4/HNO3 55' substitution

what are the reagents and conditions for nitrobenzene -> phenylamine

tin + conc HCl reflux reduction

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> benzeneCOR

RCOCl/(RCO)2O + AlCl3 reflux Friedel crafts acylation

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> methylbenzene

RCl + AlCl3 reflux Friedel crafts alkylation

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> benzenesulfonic acid

conc H2SO4 reflux substitution

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> bromobenzene

Br2 + FeBr3/Fe room temperature substitution