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reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

reagents and conditions for alkene -> alkane

A

H2/Ni
150’

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2
Q

reagents and conditions for alkene -> dihalogenoalkane

A

X2
room temp

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3
Q

reagents and conditions for alkane -> halogenoalkane

A

Cl2
UV

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4
Q

reagents and conditions for alkene -> halogenoalkane

A

HX

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5
Q

reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> alkene

A

NaOH + ethanol
heat

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6
Q

reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> alcohol

A

NaOH(aq)

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7
Q

reagents and conditions for alcohol -> halogenoalkane

A

conc HX/PCL5

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8
Q

reagents and conditions for alcohol -> ketone

A

2’ alcohol + acidified potassium dichromate
reflux

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9
Q

reagents and conditions for alcohol -> aldehyde

A

1’ alcohol + acidified potassium dichromate
distill out immediately

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10
Q

reagents and conditions for ketone -> alcohol

A

LiAlH2 + ethoxyethane
hydrolysis

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11
Q

reagents and conditions for aldehyde -> alcohol

A

LiAlH2 + ethoxyethane
hydrolysis

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12
Q

reagents and conditions for aldehyde -> hydroxynitrile

A

KCN + HCN

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13
Q

reagents and conditions for ketone -> hydroxynitrile

A

KCN + HCN

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14
Q

reagents and conditions for Grignard reagent -> 1’ alcohol

A

HCOH

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15
Q

reagent and conditions for Grignard reagent -> 2’ alcohol

A

RCOH

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16
Q

reagent and conditions for Grignard reagent -> 3’ alcohol

A

RCOR’

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17
Q

reagent and conditions for halogenoalkane -> Grignard reagent

A

Mg + ethoxyethane

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18
Q

reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> amine

A

conc NH3 + ethanol

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19
Q

reagents and conditions for halogenoalkane -> nitrile

A

KCN + ethanol

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20
Q

reagents and conditions for nitrile -> amine

A

H2/Ni
150’

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21
Q

reagents and conditions for Grignard reagent -> carboxylic acid

A

CO2
hydrolysis

22
Q

reagents and conditions for nitrile -> carboxylic acid

A

HCl
heat

23
Q

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid -> aldehyde

A

LiAlH2 + ethoxyethane
hydrolysis

24
Q

reagents and conditions for aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

A

acidified potassium dichromate
reflux

25
Q

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid -> ester

A

ROH + conc H2SO4
heat

26
Q

reagents and conditions for ester -> carboxylic acid

A

HCl(aq) /H2SO4(aq)
reflux

27
Q

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid -> acylchloride

A

PCl5
room temp

28
Q

reagents and conditions for acylchloride -> carboxylic acid

A

H2O
room temp

29
Q

reagents and conditions for acylchloride -> ester

A

ROH
room temp

30
Q

reagents and conditions for acylchloride -> amide

A

conc NH3

31
Q

what reaction(s) forms an amide

A

acylchloride undergoes a condensation reaction with concentrated ammonia

32
Q

what reaction(s) forms an ester

A

nucleophillic substitution-elimination of an acyl chloride with ROH at room temperature

esterfication of a carboxylic acid when heated with ROH and concentrated H2SO4

33
Q

what reaction(s) form a carboxylic acid

A

hydrolysis of acylchloride with H2O at room temperature

hydrolysis of an ester with concentrated HCl(aq) or H2SO4(aq) under reflux

oxidation of aldehyde/1’ alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate under reflux

hydrolysis of a nitrile with HCl(aq) and heat

Grignard reagent + CO2 then hydrolysis with water

34
Q

what reaction(s) form an acylchloride

A

carboxylic acid + PCl5 at room temperature

35
Q

what reaction(s) form a nitrile

A

nucleophilic substitution of a halogenoalkane with KCN + ethanol

36
Q

what reaction(s) form an amine

A

nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkane + concentrated ammonia (NH3) and ethanol in a sealed container

nitrile + H2/Ni at 150’

37
Q

what reaction(s) form a Grignard reagent

A

halogenoalkane + Mg and ethoxyethane (dry ether)

38
Q

what reaction(s) form a halogenoalkane

A

free radical substitution of an alkane to a halogenoalkane with Cl2 and uv light

electrophilic addition of alkene with HX

substitution of an alcohol with concentrated HX or PCl5

39
Q

what reaction(s) form an alkane

A

hydrogenation of an alkene with H2/Ni at 150’

40
Q

what reaction(s) form an alkene

A

elimination reaction of a halogenoalkane by heating with NaOH and ethanol

41
Q

what reaction(s) form a dihalogenoalkane

A

alkene + X2 at room temperature

42
Q

what reaction(s) form an alcohol

A

hydrolysis of a halogenoalkane with NaOH(aq)

Grignard reagent + HCOH + RCHO + R’COR’’ and hydrolysis

reduction of a ketone using LiAlH4 + ethoxyethane (dry ether) and hydrolysis

reduction of an aldehyde using LiAlH4 + ethoxyethane (dry ether) and hydrolysis

43
Q

what reaction(s) form a ketone

A

oxidation of a 1’ alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate(VII) under reflux

44
Q

what reaction(s) form an aldehyde

A

oxidation of a 2’ alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate(VII) and distill out immediately

reduction of a carboxylic acid with LiAlH4 + ethoxyethane (dry ether) and hydrolysis

45
Q

what reaction(s) form a hydroxynitrile

A

ketone/aldehyde + KCN + HCN

46
Q

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> chlorobenzene

A

Cl2(g) + AlCl3
room temperature
substitution

47
Q

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> nitrobenzene

A

conc H2SO4/HNO3
55’
substitution

48
Q

what are the reagents and conditions for nitrobenzene -> phenylamine

A

tin + conc HCl
reflux
reduction

49
Q

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> benzeneCOR

A

RCOCl/(RCO)2O + AlCl3
reflux
Friedel crafts acylation

50
Q

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> methylbenzene

A

RCl + AlCl3
reflux
Friedel crafts alkylation

51
Q

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> benzenesulfonic acid

A

conc H2SO4
reflux
substitution

52
Q

what are the reagents and conditions for benzene -> bromobenzene

A

Br2 + FeBr3/Fe
room temperature
substitution

Chemistry (46 decks)

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