Reaction Pathways Flashcards
Alcohol to Haloalkane reagents
- NaX (sodium halide)
- H2SO4
Haloalkane to alcohol reagents
- NaOH (sodium hydroxide)
Alcohol to alkene reagents
- Phosphoric/Sulphuric acid
- Heat
Alkene to alcohol reagents
- H2O (steam)
- Phosphoric acid
Alkene to alkane reagents
- H2
- Ni catalyst
Alkene to haloalkane reagents
- Hydrogen halide
Alkane to haloalkane reagents
- Halogen
- UV light
Haloalkane to nitrile reagents
- CN-
- Ethanol
Haloalkane to amine reagents
- NH3
- Ethanol
Nitrile to amine reagents
- H2
- Ni
Nitrile to carboxylic acid reagents
- H2O / HCl
- Heat
Primary alcohol to aldehyde reagents
- Potassium dichromate
- Sulphuric acid
- Distillation
Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid reagents
- Potassium dichromate
- Sulphuric acid
- Reflux
Secondary alcohol to ketone reagents
- Potassium dichromate
- Sulphuric acid
- Reflux
Aldehyde to primary alcohol reagents
- NaBH4
Ketone to secondary alcohol reagents
- NaBH4
Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile reagents
- NaCN
- H+
Hydroxynitrile to amine reagents
- H2
- Ni
Esterification reactants
- Carboxylic acid + alcohol
- Sulphuric acid
Esterification with acid anhydride reactant
- Alcohol
Ester to carboxylic acid reagents
- dilute acid
- Heat
Ester to carboxylate reagents
- OH-
- heat
Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride reagents
- SoCL2
Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid reagent
- H2O
Acyl chloride to ester reagent
- alcohol
Acyl chloride to 1º amide
- NH3
Acyl chloride to 2º amide
- 1º amine
Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid reagents
- H2O / HCl
- heat
Benzene to nitrobenzene
conc HNO₃
conc H₂SO₄
(50ºC, higher temps, more substitutions)
Nitrobenzene to phenylamine (aka aminobenzene)
Sn (Tin)
conc HCl
Phenylamine to 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine
3Br₂
Benzene to methylbenzene
CH₃Cl with AlCl₃
Benzene to bromobenzene
Br₂ with FeBr₃
Benzene to chlorobenzene
Cl₂ with AlCl₃
Benzene to acetephone (benzeneketone)
CH₃COCl with AlCl₃
Benzene(ketone to secondary alcohol)
NaBH4
Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol
3Br₂
Phenol to Phenol salt (C6H5O⁻Na⁺)
NaOH (aq)
Phenol to nitrophenol
dilute HNO₃