Benzene (C25) Flashcards
Nitration of benzene
Benzene + Nitric acid –> Nitrobenzene
Nitration of benzene conditions
Catalyst: sulfuric acid
Temp: 50 ºC
What happens if excess nitric acid reacts with benzene above 50ºc?
Multiple substituions could be made
- E.g. Create 1,2-dinitrobenzene
Bromination of benzene
Bromine + Benzene –> Bromobenzene + HBr
Halogen carrier: FeBr3
Chlorination of benzene
Chlorine + Benzene –> Chlorobenzene + HCl
Halogen carrier: FeCl3 or AlCl3
Alkylation of benzene
Benzene + Haloalkane –> alkylbenzene + hydrogen halogen
Alkylation of benzene example
Benzene + C2H5Cl –> ethylbenzene + HCl
Alkylation of benzene conditions
Under AlCl3
Acylation of benzene
Benzene + acyl chloride –> aromatic ketone + hydrogen halide
Acylation of benzene example
Benzene + ethanoyl chloride –> phenylethanone + HCl
Acylation of benzene conditions
Under AlCl3
Why are phenols more reactive than benzene
- Lone pair from oxygen is donated into pi-system
- Becomes delocalised
- Increased electron density
- Easier to attract electrophiles