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Chemistry > Reaction Pathways > Flashcards

Reaction Pathways Flashcards

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1
Q

conditions and type of reaction for Alkane -> Haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution

UV light

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2
Q

Alkene -> Alkane

A

conditions/reagents: Ni/H2

Reaction: reduction

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3
Q

Alkene -> Haloalkane

A

Reagents: Hydrogen Halide
Reaction: Electrophilic addition

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4
Q

Haloalkane -> Nitrile

A

reagents/conditions: CN- in ethanol solvent

reaction: nucleophillic substitution

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5
Q

Haloalkane -> Amine

A

Conditions/reagents: excess ammonia dissolved in ethanol (ethanolic ammonia)

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6
Q

Nitrile -> amine

A

reagents/conditions: H2/Ni

Type of reaction: reduction

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7
Q

Alkene -> Alcohol

A

reagents/conditions: H2O (steam)/H3PO4

reaction: Hydration

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8
Q

Alcohol -> Alkene

A

reagents/conditions: H3PO4 or H2SO4/ heat

Other product: H2O

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9
Q

Alcohol -> Ketone/carboxylic acid

A

reagents/conditions:K2Cr2O7/H2SO4/reflux
other product: H2O
Type of reaction: Oxidation

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10
Q

Alcohol -> Aldehyde

A

reagents/conditions:K2Cr2O7/H2SO4/distillation

Other product: water

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11
Q

Alcohol/carboxylic acid -> ester

A

Equation: alcohol + carboxylic acid -> ester + water
Conditions: conc H2SO4
Reaction; esterification

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12
Q

Ketone -> Alcohol

A

reagents/conditions: NaBH4/H2O
Equation: Ketone + 2[H] -> Alcohol
Mechanism: nucleophillic additions

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13
Q

Ketone/Aldehyde -> Hydroxynitrile

A

Conditions/reagents: NaCN/H+

Equation: ketone/aldehyde + HCN -> hydroxynitrile

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14
Q

Aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

A

reagents/conditions: K2Cr2O7/H2SO4/reflux

Reaction: oxidation

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15
Q

Hydroxynitrile/nitrile -> carboxylic acid

A

reagents/conditions: H2O/HCl/heat

reaction: Hydrolysis

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16
Q

Ester -> carboxylic acid

A

reagents/conditions: dilute acid/heat/water
reaction: acid hydrolysis
Equation: Ester + water -> carboxylic acid + alcohol

17
Q

Ester -> carboxylate

A

reagents/conditions: OH-/heat - reflux
reaction: alkaline hydrolysis
Equation: ester + OH- -> carboxylate + alcohol

18
Q

Carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride

A

reagents: SOCl2
Equation: carboxylic acid + SOCl2 -> acyl chloride + SO2 + HCl

19
Q

Acyl chloride -> primary amide

A

Reagents: NH3

Other product: NH4Cl

20
Q

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide

A

reagents: primary amine

other product: RCH3NH3+Cl-

21
Q

Benzene -> nitrobenzene

A

conditions/reagents: conc HNO3/conc H2SO4
reaction: nitration
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution
Equation: HNO3 + H2SO4 -> NO2+ + HSO4- + H2O
Benzene + NO2 -> nitrobenzene + H+
H+ + HSO4- -> H2SO4

22
Q

Nitrobenzene -> phenylamine

A

reagents/conditions: 1.Sn/HCl 2. excess NaOH

reaction: reduction
equation: nitrobenzene + 6[H] -> phenylamine + 2H2O

23
Q

phenyl amine -> 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine

A

reagents: Br2
equation: phenylamine + 3BR2 -> 3HBr + tribromophenylamine

24
Q

benzene -> bromobenzene

A 
reagents/conditions: Br2/FeBR3 or AlBr3
Mechanism: electrophillic substitution
Equation: FeBr3 + Br2 -> FeBr4- + Br+
benzene + Br+  -> bromobenzene + H+
H+ + FeBr4- -> FeBr3 + HBr
25
Q

benzene -> chlorobenzene

A

reagents/conditions: chlorine/ FeCl3
Mechanism: electrophillic substitution
Equation: Cl2 + benzne -> chlorobenzene + HCl

26
Q

benzene -> phenylethanone

A

reagents/conditions: CH3COCl/FeCl3
Reaction: Acylation
Equation: benzene + CH3COCl -> HCl + phenyethanone

27
Q

phenylethanone -> phenylethanol

A

reagents: NaBH4
mechanism: nucleophillic addition
equation: phenylethanone + 2[H] -> phenylethanol

28
Q

Benzene -> methylbenzene

A

Reagents/conditions: CH3Cl/AlCl3
reaction: alkylation
Equation: benzene + CH3Cl -> methylbenzene + HCl

29
Q

phenol -> bromophenol

A

Reagents: Br2
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution
Equation: phenol + Br2 -> HBr + bromophenol

30
Q

phenol -> phenoxide ion

A

reagent: NaOH
Equation: phenol + NaOH -> C6H5O-Na+ +H2O

31
Q

phenol -> nitrophenol

A

reagent: dilute HNO3
Equation: phenol + HNO3 -> nitrophenol + H2O

Chemistry (24 decks)

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