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Chemistry paper 2 > REACTION MECHANISMS - CONDITIONS > Flashcards

REACTION MECHANISMS - CONDITIONS Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane to haloalkane

A

Halogen, UV
Radical substitution

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2
Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

Conc. HBr (room temp)
Electrophilic addition

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3
Q

alkene to dihaloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition
Br2, organic solvent (room temp)

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4
Q

alkene to alkane

A

H2 (g), Ni catalyst at 150oC and 5 atm pressure
Electrophilic addition

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5
Q

alkene to alchol

A

Steam and acid catalyst e.g.
Conc. H2SO4 followed by H2O OR H2O(g) phosphoric acid catalyst 300oC and 65atm

Electrophilic addition

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6
Q

alkene to plolymer

A

Thermal/catalytic
Addition polymerisation

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7
Q

halogenoalkane to amine

A

Conc. NH3 (aq), heat in a sealed tube, ethanol solvent
Nucleophilic substitution

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8
Q

halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH (aq), reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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9
Q

halogenoalkane to alkene

A

NOH- in pure ethanol, reflux
Elimination

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10
Q

primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

Acidified potassium dichromate VI, distilled
Oxidation

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11
Q

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Acidified potassium dichromate VI, reflux
Oxidation

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12
Q

secondary alcohol to ketone

A

Acidified potassium dichromate VI, reflux
Oxidation

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13
Q

primary alcohol to alkene

A

conc. H2SO4 reflux
Dehydration (elimination)

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14
Q

primary alcohol to a haloalkane

A

HCl(aq)
Nucleophilic substitution

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15
Q

primary alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid, conc, H2SO4 catalyst, reflux
Esterification

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16
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Acidified potassium dichromate VI, reflux
oxidation

17
Q

aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4
Reduction/nucleophilic addition

18
Q

aldehyde to hydroxy nitrile

A

HCN
Nucleophilic addition

19
Q

ketone to secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4
Reduction//nucleophilic addition

20
Q

ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN (+ alkali)
Nucleophilic addition

21
Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol, conc. H2SO4 reflux
Esterification

22
Q

carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt

A

NaOH(aq), or MgO
Acid-base

23
Q

ester to carboxylic acid and alcohol

A

Reflux with aqueous acid
Hydrolysis

24
Q

ester to carboxylate and alcohol

A

Reflux with an alkali
Hydrolysis

25
Q

carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt and hydrogen

A

Metal
neutralisation

26
Q

haloalkane to secondary amine

A

Ethanolic amine/ a
Nucleophilic substitution

27
Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

CN- , ethanol, reflux
Nucleophillic substitution

28
Q

acyl chloride to ester

A

Phenol, H2SO4 catalyst, reflux
Esterification

29
Q

acyl chloride to primary amine

A

Conc. NH3 (aq) room temp.
Nucleophilic substitution

30
Q

acyl chloride to secondary amine

A

Amine, R-NH2, room temp
Nucleophilic substitution

31
Q

benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Nitric acid, sulphuric acid, room temp
nitration
Electrophilic substitituion

32
Q

benzene to halobenzene

A

FeCl3 / Cl2 or FeBr3 / Br2
Halogenation, (electrophilic substitution)

33
Q

benzene to acylated benzene

A

FeCl3 / Cl-R or
FeBr3 / Br-R

Alkylation

34
Q

nitrobenzene to primary amine benzene

A

Sn, Conc HCl
reduction

35
Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

CN- , ethanol, reflux
Nucleophillic substitution

36
Q

nitrile to amine

A

H2, Ni
reduction

37
Q

nitrile to carboxylic acid and ammonia salt

A

Water, strong acid catalyst, heat
hydrolysis

Chemistry paper 2 (15 decks)

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