analysis

Question 1

NMR Spectroscopy

Answer 1

Analytical technique that allows the structure of a molecule to be determined by analysing the energy of each bond environment
Different bond environments within a molecule absorb different amounts of energy = different peaks on a spectra

Question 2

Standard molecules in NMR spectroscopy

Answer 2

Tetramethylsilane - (si(CH3)4) - TMS
Curtains 4 identical hydrogen and carbon environments

Question 3

C13 NMR

Answer 3

Type of NMR chromatography - analyses different carbon environments in a molecule
Carbon environments near to oxygen have values shifted to the right - as oxygen is electronegative - changes the bond environment and how it absorbs energy
Molecules that have symmetry - may display fewer peaks than the number of carbons
The carbon environment is the carbons neighbour and neighbours neighbour

Question 4

H1 NMR - proton NM

Answer 4

NMR where different hydrogen environments in a molecule are analysed and displayed
Measured against the TMS standard
Peaks on proton NMR also show were the environment is positioned within the molecule

Question 5

Proton NMR splitting patterns

Answer 5

Peaks are split into small clusters - small peaks (splitting pattern) indicating how many hydrogens are on the adjacent carbon in molecule
Follow the n+ 1 rule - n is the number of hydrogen on the adjacent carbon
Singlet =no hydrogen in adjacent carbon
Doublet = 1 hydrogen on adjacent carbon
Triplet = 2 hydrogens on adjacent carbon
Quartet = 3 hydrogens on adjacent carbon
A triplet quartet splitting pattern = is a common combination for -ch2ch3