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RE Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Adultery

A

a sexual relationship between a couple not married to each other, but married to others

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2
Q

Age of Consent

A

according to the law, the age at which a person is considered old enough to give consent to sex (16 in UK)

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3
Q

Annulment

A

cancellation of marriage in Roman Catholic tradition, as if marriage never was

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4
Q

Civil Marriage

A

non-religious marriage

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5
Q

Civil Partnership

A

legal union of two people of the same gender, now of equality with heterosexual marriage in all respects

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6
Q

Commitment

A

making a promise or pledge, in this case, marriage

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7
Q

Celibacy

A

not having sexual relations

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8
Q

Chastity

A

sexual purity, e.g. not having sex before marriage

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9
Q

Cohabitation

A

where a couple live together without being married/in a civil partnership

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10
Q

Contraception

A

precautions taken to prevent pregnancy and to protect against contracting/transmitting STIs

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11
Q

Contract

A

a binding agreement between two sides

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12
Q

Covenant

A

an agreement based on promises between two sides, here in marriage where the agreement is made before God (as a witness) and with God (as a partner)

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13
Q

Divorce

A

legal ending of marriage

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14
Q

Extended Family

A

family unit compromising of mother, father and children but also cousins, grandparents etc.

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15
Q

Gender Discrimination

A

acting on prejudices against someone because of their gender

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16
Q

Gender Equality

A

the belief that both genders are of equal status and value, so discrimination against either is wrong

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17
Q

Gender Prejudice

A

the belief that one gender is better than the other

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18
Q

Heterosexuality

A

being physically/sexually attracted to persons of the opposite gender

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19
Q

Homosexuality

A

being physically/sexually attracted to persons of the same gender

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20
Q

Nuclear Family

A

family unit made up of mother, father and their children

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21
Q

Polygamy

A

where someone is married to more than one person

not allowed in Christianity, permitted in Islam

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22
Q

Procreation

A

having a child, seen as a duty in many religions

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23
Q

Remarriage

A

marriage for the second time, after divorce ending an earlier marriage

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24
Q

Responsibility

A

duties, what a person has to do as part of an agreement they have made, or role they have taken on

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25
Q

Single Parent Family

A

family unit in which children and one parent, either mum or dad, live together

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26
Q

Vows

A

promises made by bride and groom during marriage ceremony

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27
Q

Queer

A

an inclusive term for people who are non-heterosexual, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. For many, the word has negative connotations, however many people have reclaimed it as a symbol of pride, though it is recommended that heterosexual people do not use it

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28
Q

Intersex

A

people born with reproductive organs, genitalia and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female, or is considered by the medical establishment to be biologically ambiguous

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29
Q

Bisexual

A

a person who is attracted to people of their gender and another gender, but the attraction does not have to be equally split

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30
Q

Fluid

A

generally with another term attached, e.g. gender-fluid or fluid sexuality, describes an identity that may change or shift over time or within the mix of options avaliable, e.g. man and woman

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31
Q

Gay

A

individuals who are attracted to people of the same sex and/or gender

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32
Q

Lesbian

A

women who have the capacity to be attracted to other women

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33
Q

Transgender

A

a person who lives as a member of a gender other than the one assigned at birth based on anatomical sex

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34
Q

Transvestite

A

a person who dresses as the binary opposite gender expression for many reasons, e.g. relaxation, fun, sexual gratification

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35
Q

1885

A

when sexual acts between homosexuals were made illegal

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36
Q

1967

A

when homosexual acts made legal for people over 21, except in the armed forces

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37
Q

1994

A

when the age of consent for homosexuals was reduced to 18

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38
Q

2000

A

when homosexuals were allowed to start serving in the armed forces

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39
Q

2001

A

when the age of consent for homosexual acts was reduced to 16, the same as heterosexuals

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40
Q

2004

A

when civil partnerships were recognised by British law

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41
Q

2013

A

where same-sex marriage became legal in the UK

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42
Q

Promiscuous

A

someone who has lots of sexual relationships

not approved of by most Christians

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43
Q

Abstinence

A

the view that you should not have sex before marriage

agreed with by most Christians

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44
Q

Premarital

A

sex before marriage

not approved of by most Christians

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45
Q

Contraceptive Implant

A

a small flexible rod that is placed under the skin of the upper arm by a health professional and releases progestogen to stop ovulation

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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46
Q

Contraceptive Injection

A

works by a doctor or nurse injecting progestogen into your body

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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47
Q

Condom

A

made out of this latex, this is put over the penis and stops sperm form entering the vagina, also works to stop STIs

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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48
Q

Femidom

A

a thin polyurethane that loosely lines the vagina and stops sperm from entering, also used to protect from STIs

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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49
Q

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

A

a small plastic and copper devices known as a coil that is put into the uterus by a doctor or nurse

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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50
Q

Contraceptive Patch

A

a patch that is stuck to the skin and releases estrogen and progestogen to stop ovulation

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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51
Q

The Pill

A

a daily orgal ontraceptive that contains estrogen and progestogen

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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52
Q

The Diaphragm

A

a soft done made of latex or silicone and is used with spermicide

not approved of by Roman Catholic Church

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53
Q

Natural Family Planning

A

also known as fertility awareness, relies on you knowing when you are fertile by noting different indicators to show when you can have sex without risk of getting pregnant

approved of by Roman Catholic church

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54
Q

Female Sterilisation

A

also known as hysterectomy, this is a permanent method for women who will never want children

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55
Q

Male Sterilisation

A

also known as vasectomy, this is a permanent method for men who are sure they will never want children

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56
Q

Emergency Contraception

A

methods done after sex to prevent an egg implanting in the womb

disapproved of in Christianity as it is seen as killing a baby

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57
Q

abortifacient

A

methods of contraception taken after sex, seen as killing a baby

not approved of in Christianity

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58
Q

Wedding Dress

A

often white to symbolise purity (being a virgin)

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59
Q

Wedding Rings

A

circular and have no beginning or end to symbolise never ending love

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60
Q

Wedding Cake

A

sweet taste symbolises richness of marriage, shape is based on St Bride’s Church in London

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61
Q

Wedding Flowers

A

a fertility symbol, used to decorate the Church

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62
Q

Wedding Bells

A

clanging drives evil spirits away

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63
Q

Giving the bride away

A

the care and protection of the bride is passed from father to husband

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64
Q

Same Sex Family

A

a couple of the same sex living with their children

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65
Q

Sexual Stereotyping

A

having a fixed view about how men and women will behave

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66
Q

Monogamy

A

being married to one person

approved of in Christianity

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67
Q

Polygyny

A

where a man has more than one wife

not allowed in Christianity, permitted in Islam

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68
Q

Polyandry

A

where a woman has more than one wife

not allowed in Christianity

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69
Q

Abraham

A

the father of the Jewish people, God made a covenant with him, promising him land and descendants, which was sealed by circumcision

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70
Q

The Amidah

A

the standing prayer, recited at the three daily servies in the synagogue and consists of three opening blessings, the closing blessings and three intermediate blessings

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71
Q

Aron Hakodesh

A

the Ark, the holiest part of the synagogue as it contains the Torah scrolls

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72
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

celebration of a boy coming of age at 13, literally means Son of Commandment

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73
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A

celebration of a girl coming of age, literally means Daughter of Commandment

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74
Q

Bimah

A

the reading platform in a synagogue from which the Torah is read

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75
Q

Brit Milah

A

the religious ceremony of circumcision that happens when a boy is eight days old, where the boy becomes a member of the Jewish people of God

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76
Q

Charity

A

refers to the requirement for Jews to give at least ten percent of their income to charity, as Jews believe it is injust not to give to those in need

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77
Q

Tzedakah

A

literally means justice, import belief in Judaism

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78
Q

The Covenant

A

God’s agreement to look after the Jews as his chosen people, subject to Israel’s obedience

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79
Q

Creator

A

refers to the belief that God created the world from nothing

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80
Q

Dietary Laws

A

the food laws that were given by God to the Jews which relate to what may and may not be eaten and in what combination and to the preparation of food

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81
Q

Free Will

A

God gave humans the gift of free will, which means that they are free to choose to do right or wrong and bear responsibility for their actions

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82
Q

God as One

A

the belief that there is one God

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83
Q

Tikkun Olam

A

the Jewish belief in healing the world, making the world a better place

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84
Q

Judge

A

the belief that God is fair and recognises that humans are not perfect and so takes this into account, as God’s justice incorporates both forgiveness and mercy

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85
Q

Judgement

A

the belief of many Jews in a Day of Judgement when God will judge the living and the dead, rewarding all good people, both Jews and non-Jews

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86
Q

Kosher

A

food that is clean and fits the requirements of Jewish laws

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87
Q

Law-Giver

A

refers to God’s giving of the Law to Moses on Mount Sinai

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88
Q

Liberal Judaism

A

a form of progressive Judaism which seems to combine traditional beliefs and practices with modern interpretations

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89
Q

Merciful

A

refers to the nature of God as compassionate

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90
Q

The Messiah

A

literally ‘the annointed one’, Orthodox Jews believe that a Messiah will be a human person sent by God to establish justice and peace on the earth. For Reform Jews, the Messiah is a symbolic figure

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91
Q

Mitzvot

A

singular of Mitzvah

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92
Q

Mitzvah

A

the 613 commandments/rules

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93
Q

Moses

A

the person through whom God set free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, to whom God gave the Ten Commandments and through whom God made a covenant with Israel

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94
Q

Mourning Rituals

A

refers to set practices that are carried out by Jews as a way of grieving for loved ones who have died

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95
Q

Ner Tamid

A

the ever-burning light that is above and in front of the Aron Hakodesh and burns continually as a symbol of God’s presence

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96
Q

Talmud

A

the oral law, Jews believe that this law was given to Moses and then eventually written down and explained by the Rabbis and consists of the Mishnah and the Gemara

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97
Q

Mishnah

A

the first part of the Talmud after the Torah

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98
Q

Gemara

A

the second part of the Talmud after the Torah

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99
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A

Jews who believe God gave the complete Torah to Moses and therefore live according to Jewish laws and traditions

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100
Q

Pesach

A

Passover, celebrates the Exodus from Egypt, celebrated in Spring

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101
Q

Pikuach Nefesh

A

the mitzvah of saving a life, which overrides all other religious laws, except incest, murder and idolatry

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102
Q

Reform Judaism

A

Jews who believe the Torah was inspired by God and was developed through their history, therefore laws may be changed or adapted as modern life changes

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103
Q

Resurrection

A

the belief of many Jews in a future age where the dead will rise from their graves to live again

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104
Q

Rosh Hashanah

A

the Jewish New Year, the start of the ten day period of High Holy Days that culminates in Yom Kippur and marks the beginning of God’s judgement of his people

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105
Q

Sanctity of Human Life

A

the belief that human life is a precious gift from God and is not to be taken without just cause

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106
Q

Shabbat

A

Holy day of the week, a day of spiritual renewal beginning at sunset of Friday and continuing to nightfall on Saturday

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107
Q

Shekhinah

A

the divine presence which indicates that God is a Being beyond human understanding yet whose presence may be experienced

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108
Q

Sinai

A

the mountain where Moses received the Law from God and where the Covenant between God and Israel was made

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109
Q

Synagogue

A

means coming together, a building for Jewish public worship, study and gathering

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110
Q

Tenakh

A

books that comprise the Jewish scriptures that falls into three parts, Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim, believed by many Jews to have been given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai

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111
Q

Nevi’im

A

writings of the prophets, part of the Talmud

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112
Q

Ketuvim

A

writings, third part of the Talmud after Nevi’im

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113
Q

Ten Commandments

A

a list of religious and moral rules that were given by God to Moses

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114
Q

Trefah

A

forbidden food, literally means torn, doesn’t fulfill the Jewish dietary laws

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115
Q

Yom Kippur

A

Day of Atonement, a day of penitence and fasting on the tenth day after Rosh Hashanah, the holiest day of the year for Jews

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116
Q

Tallit

A

prayer shawl

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117
Q

Tefillin

A

small box containing the Shema, worn on head and left arm

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118
Q

Shema

A

belief in one God

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119
Q

Mezuzah

A

small box containing the Shema, stuck on the front door

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120
Q

Elohim

A

Hebrew for supreme one, name for God

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121
Q

Hashem

A

Hebrew for the name, name for God

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122
Q

Tzitzit

A

tassles on the prayer shawl

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123
Q

Kippar

A

skull cap

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124
Q

Yarmulke

A

skull cap

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125
Q

Zionist

A

someone who believes Israel should be developed for Jews

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126
Q

Decalogue

A

Ten Commandments

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127
Q

Diaspora

A

when the Jews spread across the world after the Holocaust

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128
Q

Holocaust

A

mass genocide of six million Jews by the Nazis

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129
Q

Shoah

A

Holocaust

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130
Q

Creatio ex nihilo

A

creation started out of nothing

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131
Q

Omnipotent

A

all-powerful

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132
Q

Omniscient

A

all-knowing

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133
Q

Omnipresent

A

present everywhere

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134
Q

Sustainer

A

refers to how God provides resources to provide for all species

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135
Q

Eternal

A

without beginning or end

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136
Q

Ritual Commandments

A

mitvot after how to worship God

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137
Q

Ethical Commandments

A

mitzvot about how to treat others

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138
Q

Mishpatim

A

mitzvot which have an obvious reason

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139
Q

Chukim

A

mitzvot which don’t have an obvious reason

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140
Q

Pomegranate

A

eaten on Rosh Hashanah to represent the Commandments

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141
Q

Olive Oil

A

oil that kings are annointed with, that Messiah will one day be annointed with

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142
Q

Messianic Jews

A

a Jew who believes Jesus is the Messiah

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143
Q

Sheol

A

grave or pit that is the only thing mentioned in the Tenakh about life after death

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144
Q

Olam-Ha-Ba

A

literally means the World to Come and is a later development of Jewish belief mentioned in the Talmud and suggests that if a righteous person suffers in this life time, they will be rewarded in life to come

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145
Q

Gan Eden

A

literally Garden of Eden, mentioned in the Talmud and refers to a heavenly realm where righteous souls rest

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146
Q

Gehinnon

A

the average person descends to a place of punishment and/or purification, generally referred to as Gehinnon, named from a valley south of Jerusalem. After a twelve-month period, a soul takes its place in Gan Eden. Some say after this the wicked a destroyed and cease to exist, others say they are tortured forever

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147
Q

Chesed

A

belief in the importance of kindness

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148
Q

Pushke Box

A

a box kept in a Jewish household where spare change is put to be given to charity

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149
Q

Ritual Commandments

A

commandments about people’s relationship with God

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150
Q

Social Commandments

A

commandments about people’s relationship with other people

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151
Q

Messianic Age

A

a time of world peace, established by the Messiah

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152
Q

Epistemic Distance

A

the distance that God keeps from humans, allowing them to make their own mistakes

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153
Q

Masorti Jews

A

Jews who respect academic teachings as a way to learn about the world better and believe they should find out everything about God’s world

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154
Q

Sephardi Jews

A

small branch of Jews who have several of their own unique traditions

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155
Q

Ageism

A

discrimination against someone because of their age

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156
Q

Community

A

a group of people who share a characteristic, e.g. Jewish community, Hispanic community

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157
Q

Compassion

A

loving kindness, attitude to help others simply because it is right to help

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158
Q

Discrimination

A

actions that come from prejudice

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159
Q

Equality

A

belief that everyone is equal in value and worth

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160
Q

Fair Pay

A

payment that is appropriate for work done

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161
Q

Gender

A

being male or female

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162
Q

Harmony

A

living together in society without argument or conflict

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163
Q

Human Rights

A

the rights a person should be entitled to simply by being a human being e.g. education, fair treatment, etc.

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164
Q

Human Rights Act

A

UK law which protects the rights of individuals and allows a challenge when these are breached

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165
Q

Interest

A

money paid back on loans aside from the original amount loaned

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166
Q

Justice

A

getting fairness, getting redress for unfairness

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167
Q

Loan

A

amount of money borrowed from a lender, usually paid back in installments with interest, where excessive, the interest charged on the loan is extremely high, often unfairly so

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168
Q

People Trafficking

A

Illegal trade of humans for slavery, eg for sex and/or work

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169
Q

Poverty

A

having less than the basic needs of life, so that day-to-day living is a struggle

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170
Q

Prejudice

A

prejudging someone someone based on characteristics they have, eg ethnicity, gender

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171
Q

Racism

A

prejudice against someone because of their ethnicity/colour

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172
Q

Responsibility

A

duty, eg the responsibility to work, to earn money for yourself

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173
Q

Rights

A

what a person is entitled to, eg right to education

174
Q

Sexuality

A

a person’s sexual orientation, eg whether they are straight, bi or homosexual

175
Q

Social Justice

A

bringing justice to society so that all within a society have the same opportunities and can take advantage of them, includes projects to improve the life situation of those at the poorest end of society, eg by educational support

176
Q

Stewardship

A

duty to look after the world given by God to humans, which extends to looking after all life, including other humans

177
Q

Tolerance

A

acceptance of difference rather than seeing it as a problem

178
Q

UN Declaration of Human Rights

A

a statement adopted by the United Nations and all their signatures, including the UK, to protect human beings in special regards

179
Q

Wealth

A

money and possessions a person has, usually in such quantities as to give a very comfortable lifestyle

180
Q

Article 1

A

Right to equality

181
Q

Article 2

A

Freedom from discrimination

182
Q

Article 3

A

Right to life, liberty, personal security

183
Q

Article 4

A

Freedom from slavery

184
Q

Article 5

A

Freedom from torture and degrading treatment

185
Q

Article 6

A

Right to recognition as a person before the law

186
Q

Article 7

A

Right to equality before the law

187
Q

Article 8

A

Right to remedy by competent tribunal

188
Q

Article 9

A

Freedom from arbitrary arrest and exile

189
Q

Article 10

A

Right to fair public hearing

190
Q

Article 11

A

Right to be considered innocent until proven guilty

191
Q

Article 12

A

Freedom from interference with privacy, family, home and correspondance

192
Q

Article 13

A

Right to free movement in and out of the country

193
Q

Article 14

A

Right to asylum in other countries and the freedom to change it

194
Q

Article 15

A

Right to a nationality and the freedom to change

195
Q

Article 17

A

Right to own property

196
Q

Article 18

A

Freedom of belief and religion

197
Q

Article 19

A

Freedom of opinion and information

198
Q

Article 20

A

Right to peaceful assembly and association

199
Q

Article 21

A

Right to participate in government and in free elections

200
Q

Article 22

A

Right to social security

201
Q

Article 23

A

Right to desirable work and to join trade unions

202
Q

Article 24

A

Right to rest and leisure

203
Q

Article 25

A

Right to adequate living standard

204
Q

Article 26

A

Right to education

205
Q

Article 27

A

Right to participate in the cultural life of community

206
Q

Article 28

A

Right to a social order that articulates this document

207
Q

Article 29

A

Community duties essential to free and full development

208
Q

Article 30

A

Freedom from state or personal interference in the above rights

209
Q

Religious Freedom

A

Freedom to follow whichever religion you want to or not follow any religion

210
Q

Freedom of Religious Expression

A

freedom to follow practices of whichever religion you choose

211
Q

Exclusivists

A

Christians who believe only their version of Christianity is right

212
Q

Inclusivists

A

Christians who believe that as long as a person leads a good moral life, they can achieve salvation even if they aren’t Christian

213
Q

Libby Lane

A

first female bishop ordained by the Church of England

214
Q

Equality Act 2010

A

Totally useless piece of legislation that nobody pays attention to when it matters

You cannot discriminate against someone with a protected characteristic

215
Q

Protected Characteristic

A

age, disability, sex, gender reassignment, race, religion, sexual orientation, marital status, pregnancy/maternity

216
Q

Testimony of Equality

A

a Quaker testimony allowing women to have leadership roles in their church

217
Q

1928

A

equal voting rights

218
Q

1970

A

Equal Pay Act

219
Q

1975

A

Sex Discrimination Act

220
Q

2010

A

Equality Act 2010

221
Q

Miriam

A

Moses’s sister, played a significant part in saving Moses from being killed as a baby, and then became a prophetess when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt

222
Q

Deborah

A

a judge who ruled Israel

223
Q

Lydia

A

a rich woman who founded the first church in Philippi

224
Q

Priscilla

A

a woman who helped mentor new Christians in the early Church

225
Q

Phoebe

A

a woman who served in the early church in Cenchrea and was commended by Paul

226
Q

Esther

A

a biblical queen who saved her people from masacre

227
Q

Mary and Martha

A

followers of Jesus who were commended by Jesus for treating him as their Rabbi

228
Q

Apartheid

A

literally aparthood, laws in South Africa that kept various group separated based on appearance, ancestry, socioeconomic lifestyle and cultural lifestyle

229
Q

Desmond Tutu

A

a Christian who fought against Apartheid and racial discrimination

230
Q

Social Justice

A

something that ensure that society treats people fairly whether they are poor or wealthy and protects people’s human rights

231
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

where people are living on less than a pound, used to talk about poverty in other countries

232
Q

Relative Poverty

A

where you are relatively poor compared to others

233
Q

Poverty Trap

A

not being able to break out of poverty

234
Q

Exploitation

A

the action of threatening someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work

235
Q

UK Minimum Wage

236
Q

Rana Plaza Disaster

A

the collapse of a garment factory in Bangladesh leading to the deaths of 1134 workers

237
Q

Loan Sharks

A

a moneylender who charges extremely high rates of interest, typically under illegal conditions

238
Q

Siddur

A

Jewish prayer book

239
Q

Chumash

A

book form of the Torah as opposed to a scroll

240
Q

Beit Knesset

A

House of Assembly (name for synagogue)

241
Q

Beit Tefilah

A

House of Prayer (name for synagogue)

242
Q

Shul

A

School (name for synagogue)

243
Q

Sifrei Torah

A

Torah scrolls

244
Q

Chosen

A

breast plate for the Torah

245
Q

Rimonim

A

used to unroll the Torah scrolls

246
Q

Yad

A

used to read the Torah scrolls

247
Q

Chazzan

A

the cantor, person who sings in the Synagogue

248
Q

Mikvah

A

Jewish spiritual bath

249
Q

Praise

A

types of prayer that involve praising G-d

250
Q

Thanksgiving

A

types of prayer that involve thanking G-d

251
Q

Petitionary

A

types of prayer that involve asking G-d for things

252
Q

Aleinu

A

closing prayer in a Synagogue

253
Q

Challah

A

special bread for Shabbat

254
Q

Baruch

A

Hebrew for Blessings

255
Q

Attah

A

Hebrew for you

256
Q

Hawdalah

A

division, praise God for separating Jews and non-Jews

257
Q

Pentateuch

A

another name for the Torah

258
Q

Megillot

A

five books which relate to Jewish festivals, e.g. Esther

259
Q

Trefah

A

torn/food that is forbidden to eat

260
Q

Shochet

A

someone hired to kill an animal in a specific way that is kosher for Jews

261
Q

Shechita

A

the right way to kill animals in accordance with Jewish laws

262
Q

Pareve

A

foods that you can eat constantly according to Jewish law

263
Q

Kashrut

A

Jewish dietary laws

264
Q

Mohel

A

a man who performs a circumcision

265
Q

Mohelet

A

a woman who performs a circumcision, not allowed in Orthodox Judaism

266
Q

Sandek

A

the Jewish equivalent of a godparent

267
Q

Kohen

A

a descendant of the original priests

268
Q

Redemption of Firstborn

A

where the firstborn child is offered to the Temple

269
Q

Sephardim

A

Jews from Spanish or Portuguese descent

270
Q

Ashkenazim

A

Jews from middle East of north African descent

271
Q

Yahrzeit

A

the yearly anniversary of the death of a loved one, marked by lighting a candle

272
Q

Domus Conversorum

A

an institution in London which used to forcibly convert Jews to Christianity, founded in 1232

273
Q

Hevra Kadisha

A

an organization of Jewish people who prepare a dead Jew for burial and protect their body until the funeral

274
Q

Cultural Judaism

A

a sect of Judaism who see Judaism as part of their history, but do not follow the Mitzvot

275
Q

Chassidic

A

a branch of Orthodox Judaism

276
Q

Halachic Law

A

mitzvot that dictate the day-to-day of Jews

277
Q

Abayudaya

A

a small community of Jews living in Eastern Uganda

278
Q

Sofer

A

a Jewish scribe who writes Torah scrolls and other pieces of scripture

279
Q

Bentsher

A

a booklet containing blessings and prayers

280
Q

Bentsch

A

to recite the Birkat Hamazon

281
Q

Tabula

A

a game traditionally played by Jewish children during festivals, similar to Backgammon

282
Q

Pareve

A

food that contains neither milk nor dairy

283
Q

Mishna

A

the first major written collection of Jewish scriptures written

284
Q

Kiddush

A

a ceremony of prayer and blessing over wine, performed by the head of a Jewish household, at the beginning of Shabbat or a ceremony

285
Q

Aiba Kanfot

A

a smaller version of the tallit that Jews used during persecution as it was easier to hide

286
Q

Shofar

A

the ram’s horn blown during Yom Kippur

287
Q

Dreidel

A

a spinning top with Hebrew letters on it, played with by children at Hannukkah

288
Q

Gregger

A

a rattle or noisemaker traditionally used by children during Purim

289
Q

Etz Hayim

A

the tree of life in the Garden of Eden

290
Q

Sefer Torah

A

a small handwritten copy of the Torah

291
Q

Elijah

A

guardian angel of children, said to be spirtually present at all brit milahs

292
Q

Brit Bat

A

naming ceremonies for Jewish girls in Reform Judaism, happens at thirty days

293
Q

Kiddushin

A

betrothal or engagement, usually lasts about twelve and hold the same legal status as normal engagement

294
Q

Chuppah

A

a canopy held up by four poles which two people get married underneath of

295
Q

Ketubah

A

Jewish wedding certificate

296
Q

Aramaic

A

language that the Ketubah is written in, similar to Hebrew

297
Q

Mazel Tov

A

Hebrew for good luck

298
Q

Mezuzot

A

the piece of paper inside the Mezuzah with the Shema written on it

299
Q

Birkat Hamazon

A

various prayers said after activities such as eating

300
Q

Seder Plate

A

plate containing symbolic food that is used during Pesach

301
Q

Karpas

A

A green vegetable, often parsley, that is placed on the sedar plate to represent the initial flourishing of the Jews in Egypt. In Ashkenazi culture, this dipped in salt water to represent the tears of the slaves, in Sephardi culture it is dipped in vinegar to represent hope

302
Q

Haroset

A

on the Sedar Plate a sweet paste to represent the mortar between the bricks that the Jews were forced to lay, from the Hebrew word cheres, clay

303
Q

Maror

A

a bitter herb, often horseradish, to represent the bitterness of slavery on the Sedar Plate

304
Q

Hazeret

A

a second bitter herb on the Sedar plate, often romaine lettuce, not always included

305
Q

Zeroa

A

a shank bone on the Sedar plate that represents the lamb that the Jews sacrificed as the special Passover offering when the temple stood in Jerusalem, sometimes substituted with roast beat, to symbolise the colour of blood

306
Q

Beitzah

A

on the sedar plate, a hard-boiled egg, which represents the cycle of life

307
Q

Hag Ha-Aviv

A

another word for Pesach, the holiday of Spring

308
Q

Song of Songs

A

a Jewish book that is most infused with images of love and sexuality

309
Q

Midrashic

A

early interpretations of Jewish beliefs

310
Q

Korech

A

a special sandwich, also known as a Hillel sandwich, eaten at Pesach, which consists of Matzah and bitter herbs

311
Q

Matzah

A

symbolic bread in Judaism, as it was all the Israelites had to eat when they fled Egypt

312
Q

Ascension

A

Literally the ‘going up’ of Jesus to Heaven 40 days after his resurrection

313
Q

Atonement

A

Literally ‘at-one-ment’, it refers to the reconciliation between God and humanity that was sealed by the sacrificial death of Jesus

314
Q

Bible

A

Sacred book for Christians containing both the Old and New Testament

315
Q

Catholic

A

the branch of Christianity which is led by the Pope

316
Q

Church

A

Christian place of worship

317
Q

Consubstantiation

A

the concept of all three persons of the trinity have the same essence

318
Q

Crucifixion

A

Roman method of execution by which criminals were fixed to a cross

319
Q

Easter

A

the religions season celebrating

320
Q

Evil

A

the opposite of good, a force that is seen in many traditions as destructive and against God

321
Q

The Father

A

the first person of the trinity, the creator and sustainer of the universe

322
Q

Grace

A

the unconditional and generous love that God shows to people who do not deserve it

323
Q

Heaven

A

the state after death of being with and enjoying eternity with God

324
Q

Hell

A

the place of eternal suffering or the state after death of separation from God for those who want no relationship with him

325
Q

Holy Spirit

A

the third person of the Holy Trinity who descended like a dove on Jesus at his baptism, Christians believe it is the holy spirit that is present and inspires them

326
Q

Incarnation

A

Literally ‘in flesh’ or ‘enfleshed’, the doctrine that God took the human form as Jesus

327
Q

Infant baptism

A

initiation of babies and young children into the Church, where promises are taken on their behalf by adults, where the infant is freed from sin and introduced to the saving love of God and the support of the Christian community

328
Q

Jesus

A

first century Jewish teacher and holy man, believed by Christians to be the Son of God

329
Q

Judgement

A

when God decides whether each person should receive eternal life or eternal punishment

330
Q

Just

A

refers to the nature of God as one who treats each individual human being fairly and equally

331
Q

Law

A

refers to the law of God, revealed in the Bible, which Christians are called to obey, St Paul made it clear that salvation is not earned by obedience to the law but is God’s free gift

332
Q

Oneness of God

A

the belief that God is ‘one’ (father, son and Holy spirt)

333
Q

Original Sin

A

the traditional belief that is still held by some Christians that human nature is basically flawed, and so humans have a tendency to go against God’s Will, Christians who think the Bible is literally true believe that has been passed down from Adam and Eve

334
Q

Orthodox

A

the most popular ChristianProtest tradition in some parts of Eastern Europe, the two main ones being Greek and Russian

334
Q

Orthodox

A

the most popular ChristianProtest tradition in some parts of Eastern Europe, the two main ones being Greek and Russian

335
Q

Protestant

A

the Churches that ‘protested’ against and broke away from the Catholic Church during the Reformation, generally based closer on the Bible than those of Catholic and Orthodox Churches

336
Q

Resurrection

A

the event celebrated on Easter Day of Jesus rising from the dead, an event recorded in all four gospels and the central belief of Christianity, the form that many Christians believe the afterlife will take, referring to either physical

337
Q

Salvation

A

saving the soul and deliverance from sin and admission to Heaven brought about by Jesus

338
Q

Sin

A

behaviour which is against God’s laws and wishes/against principles of morality, a thought, word or action which is wrong, which people know is wrong and which people freely choose

339
Q

The Son

A

the second person of the trinity, Jesus, God incarnate

340
Q

Son of God

A

a title used for Jesus, the second person in the trinity, denotes the special relationship between Jesus and God

341
Q

Suffering

A

when people have to face and live with unpleasant events or conditions

342
Q

Trinity

A

the belief that there are three Persons in the one God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit

343
Q

Word

A

St John’s Gospel 1 describes God creating the world through is Word and links this to Jesus in the statement: “The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us”.

344
Q

Theodicies

A

reasons God may not stop evil and suffering

345
Q

The Great Schism

A

where Christianity split into Catholicism and Orthodox

346
Q

Non Trinitarians

A

Christians who believe that Jesus is lesser than God

347
Q

Deism

A

belief in supreme beings who do not interfere in the way of the world

348
Q

Dualism

A

the state of being divided

349
Q

The Epicurean Paradox

A

a version of the problem of evil, wherein God cannot be all-loving and all-powerful, as that would mean he would not allow evil and suffering

350
Q

The Inconsistent Triad

A

created by JL Mackie to explain the Epicurean Paradox

351
Q

The Problem of Evil

A

the fact that there is suffering in the world, even though God is all-loving and all-knowing

352
Q

Job

A

a wealthy businessman who had his faith tested by God, as God took away his family, home, wealth and health

353
Q

Augustine’s Theodicy

A

a theodicy that suffering goes back to original sin

354
Q

Job’s Theodicy

A

a theodicy that suffering is a test of faith

355
Q

Irenaeus’s Theodicy

A

a theodicy that claims suffering makes us more God-like and develops character

356
Q

Creed

A

comes from the Latin word ‘credo’, meaning ‘I believe’

357
Q

The Apostles’s Creed

A

One of the main creeds in Christianity, used especially by Baptists

358
Q

The Nicene Creed

A

the other main creed in Christianity, invented to reinforce that God and Jesus are the same

359
Q

Catholic

360
Q

Communion of the Saints

A

the relationship between living and dead Christians

361
Q

Emperor Nero

A

the Roman emperor who outlawed Christianity and persecuted and tortured Christians, including turning them into candles and fireworks

362
Q

Emperor Constantine

A

the emperor who made Christianity legal, as his wife was Christian

363
Q

Pope Ambrose

A

the pope who convinced Constantine to make Christianity legal

364
Q

Reforation

A

when Christianity split into Catholicism and Protestantism

365
Q

Reformation

A

when the Church of England (Anglicanism) was created

366
Q

Early Christian Church

A

believed that Jesus would come back very soon, so didn’t bother building proper churches

367
Q

Roman Catholic Church

A

first proper church, with the Pope as head, built proper churches and theorised that it might be a long time before Jesus returned

368
Q

Oriental Orthodoxy

A

a branch of Orthodoxy that adheres to Miaphysite Christology

369
Q

Miaphysitism

A

the belief that Jesus is simultaneously one person and one nature

370
Q

Eastern Orthodoxy

A

was created because people didn’t agree with the idea that the Church should have a leadership structure, ie the Pope

371
Q

Russian Orthodox

A

the largest Eastern Orthodox Church, mainly in Russia, though spreading into America. Involves painting idols as a form of worship

372
Q

Serbian Orthodox

A

a branch of Eastern Orthodox mainly practised in Serbia and Bosnia with very traditional views. They are anti-monarchy as they believe God is the true king

373
Q

Greek Orthodox

A

a branch of Eastern Orthodox routed in preserving the Greek identity

374
Q

Moravian Church

A

the original Protestants, believe in missionaries, pacifism and ecumenism

375
Q

Ecumenism

A

the belief that Christians should live and work separately to other religions

376
Q

Lutherans

A

a branch of Protestantism named after Martin Luther, following his theologies very strictly

377
Q

Anglicanism

A

the branch of Christianity created by Henry VIII, only really practised in England, unlike most branches of Protestantism, they believe in Ecclesiastes

378
Q

Congregational Church

A

Protestant churches that are completely independent and run only by their own congregations

379
Q

Quakers

A

a form of Congregational Church that involves a lot of silence in worship and is very open-minded, and very opposed to violence

380
Q

United Church of Christ

A

a form of Congregational Church, who believe the Bible is the highest source of authority and take it very seriously

381
Q

Baptism

A

a branch of Protestantism who believe that you should not baptise babies, but should choose to be baptised as an adult

382
Q

Southern Baptist Convention

A

a denomination of Baptists who are very conservative and against homosexuality

383
Q

Seventh Day Adventist

A

a denomination of Batists who focus on the imminent coming of Christ

384
Q

Church of God in Christ

A

a denomination of Baptism who focus on the Holy Spirit

385
Q

Episcopilian

A

a branch of Protestantism who believe in the ‘middle way’, meaning they show respect to other religions but still believe in conversion

386
Q

Methodists

A

a branch of Protestantism that believe in being logical and reasonable in all areas concerning faith

387
Q

Salvation Army

A

branch of Methodists who believe in saving people by converting them

388
Q

African Methodist Episcopalian Church

A

a branch of Methodists in Africa who follow Arianism

389
Q

Arianism

A

the belief that Jesus was not the same in essence as the Father

390
Q

Holiness Churches

A

a branch of Methodist Churches who believe in Arianism put lots of emphasis on how God may transform the life on an individual Christian

391
Q

Indiana Church of God

A

a branch of Holiness Churches that has no official leader and is congregational, practised only in Indiana

392
Q

Church of the Nazarene

A

a branch of Holiness Church that believes that God calls Christians to a life of holy living that is marked by an act of God

393
Q

Assemblies of God

A

a new branch of Holiness Churches who believe in the 14 Fundamental Truths

394
Q

Cleveland Church of God

A

a branch of Holiness Church who believe that the best way to spread the word of God is to publish works about Him

395
Q

Church of Christ

A

a form of Holiness Churches with lots of very distinct beliefs, such as that males are superior to females and the two should be educated and worship seperately, and that it is wrong to have multiple communion cups, and to oppose only one man preaching

396
Q

Internal Church of Christ

A

developped from the Church of Christ but consider themselves completely separate from them, they are against Churches and instead use temporary buildings, and all members of the ICOC must go off and spend a year doing missionaries

397
Q

Reformed Church

A

similar to Protestants, but with a different sets of issues with Catholicism

398
Q

Church of Scotland

A

a branch of Reformists who oppose the Church of England and believe that church services in Scotland should be in Gaelic

399
Q

Anabaptists

A

a denomination of the Reform Church who oppose infant baptism

400
Q

Church of the Brethren

A

a branch of Anabaptism with a very complicated baptism routine that involves the Holy Kiss

401
Q

Evangelical Free

A

a form of Anabaptism who believe in congregational policy, where there is official leadership

402
Q

Mennonites

A

a very traditional form of Anabaptists who reject new things like electricity

403
Q

Amish

A

a denomination of Mennonites known for their tranditional values such as rejecting new things like electricity and living a very simple and rural life

404
Q

Presbyterianism

A

a denomination of Reform Churches who are led by a church government and have lots of respect for elders

405
Q

Christian and Missionary Alliance

A

a denomination of Presbyterianism who strongly believe in missionaries

406
Q

Shield of the Trinity

A

a visual representation of the Holy Trinity

407
Q

homoouisos

408
Q

consubstantial

A

same in essence

409
Q

Shamrock

A

a visual representation of the Trinity used by Saint Patrick

410
Q

tritheism

A

belief in three Gods

411
Q

Modalism

A

the misconception that God morphs between Father, Son and Holy Spirit

412
Q

Partialism

A

the misconception that God is one third Son, one third Father and one third Holy Spirit

413
Q

Logos

A

Greek for ‘word’ meaning communication or message, used by John to describe Jesus

414
Q

Literal Christains

A

Christians who take the Bible literally and think it is a historical account that is completely accurate

415
Q

Creationist

A

a Christian who takes the Bible literally and thinks that God created the world is seven days

416
Q

Liberal Christians

A

Christains who believe that the Bible is not 100% scientifically accurate

417
Q

Logos

A

Greek for ‘word’ meaning communication or message, used by John to describe uses to describe Jesus

418
Q

Annunciation

A

when Angel Gabriel announced to Mary that she will have a baby

419
Q

Son of Man

A

shows that Jesus has come to save Mankind

420
Q

Son of God

A

shows that Jesus is part of God

421
Q

Patibulum

A

crossbeam of the crucifix that Jesus was nailed to

422
Q

Swoon Theory

A

theory that Jesus never die on the cross and only passed out from the pain and later either came round of his own accord or was revived by the women or Disciples

423
Q

Hallucination Theory

A

theory that the women and the Disciples hallucinated Jesus in their grief

424
Q

Stolen Body Theory

A

theory that Jesus’s body weas stolen, possibly by the Desciples and women, who then told peole that Jesus had risen as they didn’t want Christianity to die out

425
Q

Crime

A

an action that breaks the law

426
Q

The Fall

A

another name for the Bible story in which Eve picks the apple from the Tree of Good and Evil

427
Q

Forgiveness

A

stop feeling angry or resentful towards someone for an offence, flaw or mistake

428
Q

Reconciliation

A

the process of restoring harmony and admission to Heaven brought about by Jesus

429
Q

Maximilian Kolbe

A

a Catholic priest who sacrificed himself in Auschwitz to save another man

430
Q

sola gratia

A

the belief that faith in God is that is needed for salvation

Revision (5 decks)

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