Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MI Clinical Diagnosis > RBC, WBC, and Anemia > Flashcards

RBC, WBC, and Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

sensitivity rules __ disease

A

out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

specificity rules __ disease

A

in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hb equation

A

hb = rbc x 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hematocrit equation

A

hct = hb x 3
or
hct = rbc x 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rbcs are indirect measure of what

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hematocrit is indirect measure of what

A

rbcs in volume of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what tells you average size of rbc

A

MCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what tells you quantity of hemoglobin in rbc

A

MCH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what tells you concentration or color of rbc

A

MCHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

increase in RDW suggests what

what conditions

A

increase in different types of cell sizes

factor deficiency, homozygous globinpathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal RDW suggests what conditions

A

thalassemia minor
heterozygous globinpathy
chronic disease anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a spherocyte

A

type of microcyte

round and lacks center clear area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are polychromatophile RBCs

A

reticulocytes

immature RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is rouleaux

A

rbcs partially adhering to each other like stack of coins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is anemia defined as

A

decrease in hemoglobin concentration

may result from loss of RBCs which contain hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the causes of pseudoanemia

A 
overhydration 
fluid retention 
pregnancy 
athletics 
hypoalbuminemia 
lab error 
posture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are causes of anemia

A 
hemorrhage 
bone marrow failure 
renal disease  
dietary deficit 
hemolytic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anemia is classified by what

A

cell morphology

  • macrocytic, micro, normo
  • hypochromic, normo

pathogenesis

  • factor deficiency
  • production deficit
  • depletion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the steps to determine if patient is anemic

A

ask question - are they anemia
morphology classification
pathogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

factor deficiency results from what

A

lack of raw materials necessary for hematopoesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are factors necessary for hb synthesis

A

iron
b12
folic acid
pyridioxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

microcytosis results from hb molecule lacking __ or __

A

iron - IDA

pyridoxine - sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common cause of microcytosis

A

IDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MCV and MCHC decrease

A

IDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

microcytosis is a process that evolves over time

what happens to serum ferritin? si? and tibc?

A

ferritin decreases
si decerases
tibc increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

IDA morphology and pathogenesis

A

microcytosis

hypochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is necessary for the development of heme

A

pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is pyridoxine decreased by

A

alcohol stress diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

in pyridoxine deficiency, the si is __ and tibc is __

A

si increases

tibc decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

macrocytosis results from what

A

b12 or folic acid deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

b12 and folic acid cause macrocytosis how

A

affect DNA synthesis of precursor cells in marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is found in foods of animal origin

A

cyanocobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

deficiency of b12 and folic acid result from what

A 
absorption issues - intrinsic factor 
autoimmune antibodies on parietal and chief cells 
lack of gastric acid 
terminal ileum malabsorption 
distal bowel surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

b12 dietary deficiency is __

found in who

A

rare

vegetarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

MCV is increased over __ in b12 deficiency

MCHC is ___

A

100

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

MCV increase and MCHC normal

A

b12 deficiency

macrocytosis and normochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

b12 deficiency anemia morphology and pathogenesis

A

macrocytosis and normochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is schillings test used for

A

b12 anemia
pernicious anemia
malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is used to determine if clinically borderline levels of b12 deficit is present

does this increase or decrease

A

MMA assay increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the most common cause of folic acid deficiency

common in who

A

diet

alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what will confirm folic acid anemia

A

serum foliate
and
rbc foliate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

production defect anemia results from what

A

inadequate erythropoiesis
(hypoplastic bone marrow/aplastic anemia/systemic disease in bone marrow)

with or without factor deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

production defect anemia results in what cell morphology and pathogenesis

A

normocytic and normochromic

sometimes hypochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

production defect anemia is due to what

A

hypoplastic bone marrow
aplastic anemia
systemic disease on bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what directly replaces or depressed the cellular elements of bone barrow –> hypoplastic marrow

A

fibrosis causing myelofibrosis

mets causing myelophthisic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is a peripheral pancytopenia and platelets due to deficiency of bone marrow cell precursors without cell abnormality or replacement of tumor or fibrosis

A

aplastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

hypoplastic marrow and aplastic anemia are caused by what

A

damage to bone marrow
meds
autoimmune condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

systemic and chronic disease do what to si and tibc

why

A

decrease si and tibc

renal disease (damage and decrease epo), azotemia, neoplasia, infection, RA, liver disease, hypothyroid

all associated with decrease RBC life span, not enough progenitor cells, decrease epo, or impaired iron metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what are two main types of depletion anemia

A

abnormal loss of rbc - hemorrhage

abnormal destruction of rbc - hemolytic anemia

50
Q

hemolytic anemias are classified as what

A

intracorpuscular and extracorpuscular defects

51
Q

what results in free hemoglobin in circulation

A

hemolysis

52
Q

free hb will damage what

A

renal tissue

53
Q

what binds with hb to eliminate it

once it is saturated it binds with ___ to form ___

if free hb is still found in serum it will result in

A

haptoglobulin + albumin = methemalbumin

hemoglobulinuria

54
Q

what are extrinsic agents that cause depletion anemia

A

imha - immune mediated hemolytic anemia
maha - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
tranfusion reaction
fetal rh incompatibility

lead, bacteria, benzene, parasites - malaria

55
Q

what are the intrinsic agents that cause depletion anemia

A

hb structural abnormalities - sickle cell

56
Q

normal hb is 98% what

the other 2% is what

A

hb A

hbF

57
Q

newborns have __% of hb _ bit it is normally replaced by what time period

A

> 50%

hbF

6 months of age

58
Q

hbA is comprised of what

A

95-98% hbA1

1-2% of hbA2

59
Q

sickle cell disease mostly occurs in what population

A

african americans

60
Q

sickle cell disease

what percent of people have the trait

what percent of people have the disease

A

trait - 8%

disease - 1%

61
Q

what is the hemoglobin and the percent in sickle cell disease

what is the hemoglobin and percent in sickle cell trait

A

disease – hbS - 80%

trait – hbS 20-40% and hbA 60-80%

62
Q

sickle cell prep screens pick up small amounts of hbS so it is only reliable at what age

A

after 6 months of age

63
Q

what is the definitive screen for sickle cell disease

A

hb electrophoresis

64
Q

what does sickle cell trait cause

A

no anemia!

except under certain conditions

65
Q

what is a structural abnormality of hemoglobin

what is a abnormality of hemoglobin synthesis

A

structural - sickle cell

synthesis - thalassemia

66
Q

no thalassemia hb, so what causes thalassemia to occur

A

genetic abnormality of globin chain synthesis

67
Q

globin portion of hb contains what

A

2 pairs of chains

alpha and beta

68
Q

in thalassemia disease, what are the hemoglobin present

which contains the most

A

hbF 60%
hbA1 20%
hbA2 3%

69
Q

in thalassemia trait, what are the hemoglobin present

which contains the most

A

hbA1 50%
hbA2 4-6%
hbF 3%

70
Q

what is thalassemia disease called

what is thalassemia trait called

A

disease - thalassemia major

trait - thalassemia minor

71
Q

thalassemia major presents as anemia with ___ and ___

what cells are present in thalassemia disease/major

A

microcytosis and hypochromic

target cells

72
Q

what thalassemia is from a history of mediterranean origin

A

thalassemia major - disease

73
Q

what thalassemia looks like IDA

A

thalassemia major

74
Q

how does thalassemia minor differ from IDA

A

normal RDW

anemia is unlikely - RBC > 5x10 to the 6th power

75
Q

in thalassemia minor, what is going on with TIBC and ferrtin

what is going on in IDA

A

thalassemia minor - TIBC decreased and normal ferritin

IDA - TIBC increased and ferritin decreased

76
Q

what is the only rbc enzyme deficiency

how is it genetic

affects what gender more

brought on by what factors

A

glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

x sex linked

men more than women

drugs - asa, phenacetin, sulfas, nitrofurntoin

77
Q

what are the rbc membrane abnormalities

due to what

what happens to MCHC

symptoms

A

hereditary spherocytosis and eliptocytosis

lack of protein spectrin - part of cytoskeleton

mchc increased

hemolysis, juandice, splenomegaly

78
Q

is it anemia

what values do you check

what is the ratio? explain

A

rbc, hb, hct

3:1

1 is low - ehh
2 is low - suspicious
3 is low - yes its anemia

79
Q

slow or chronic bleeds usually result in what

A

factor deficiency anemia

80
Q

under 45 years old

males cause of factor deficiency
female cause of factor deficiency

over 45 years old

A

under 45
males - peptic disease
females - menstrual disorder

over 45
both - occult cancer

81
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in what condition

A

b12 deficiency

82
Q

sideroblasts are seen in what condition

A

pyrdoxine deficiency

83
Q

production deficit produces normocytic normochromic cells that is caused by what

A

chronic disease

84
Q

depletion anemia produces normocytic normochromic cells that is caused by what

A

acute bleeds or hemolytic disease

85
Q

if the patient is anemic and you rule out microcytic and macrocytic, what do you look for

A

elevated reticulocyte count - indicates bone marrow activity or production of new rbcs

86
Q

elevated reticulocyte count is seen in what situations

A

acute blood loss
hemolysis
treatment of anemia

87
Q

what are the percentages of WBC found in a adult

A

never let my engine blow

neutrophils - 60 
lymphocytes - 30 
monocytes - 8 
eosinophils - 3 
basophils - 0
88
Q

WBCs are used to diagnose or evaluate what

A

inflammation
infection
neoplasia
immunosuprresion

89
Q

lymphocytes predominate in what years of life

A

age 4-5

90
Q

what is the predominate WBC if the patient is less than 5 years old

A

lymphocytes

91
Q

what is the predominate WBC if the patient is greater than 5 years old

A

neutrophils

92
Q

neutrophils predominate in what years of life

A

> 5 years old

93
Q

what is -osis or -philia mean

A

increase in WBC

94
Q

what is -penia mean

A

decrease in WBC

95
Q

what does a shift to the left represent in WBCs

A

increase in number of immature forms of cells

96
Q

leukocytosis indicates what

A

inflammation or bacterial infection

97
Q

leukopenia indicates what

A

marrow suppression
overwheming infection
autoimmune
viral syndromes

98
Q

neutrophilia indicates what

A

bacterial infection

inflammation

99
Q

relative lymphocytosis indicates what

true lymphocytosis indicates what

A

RELATIVE LYMPHOCYTOSIS - viral infection

(absolute lymph count normal, WBC count shows leukopenia because of decrease granulocytes)

TRUE LYMPHOCYTOSIS - pertussis, infectious lymphocytosis, lymphocytic leukemia

(absolute lymph count and WBC count elevate)

100
Q

monocytosis is indicates what

A 
SBE 
TB 
lymphoma 
leukemia 
typhoid
101
Q

eosinophilia indicates what

A

acute allergic reaction
skin conditions - pemphagus and psoriasis
scarlet fever
brucelliosis

102
Q

basophilia indicates what

A

CML

myoproliferative diseases

103
Q

leukemoid reaction indicates what

A

non leukemic WBC count >50,000
OR
differential count of >5% metamyelocytes

104
Q

leukemia can develop at what stage of cell maturation

A

any stage of maturation and is named accordingly

105
Q

in leukemia, the more immature the predominant cell means what

A

worse the prognosis

blast cells (acute) = worse prognosis

mature cells (chronic) = better prognosis

106
Q

“leukemia” means what

total count of WBCs are ?

A

malignancy of white blood cells

elevated

107
Q

acute leukemia has __% of __ forms

where are these forms present

chronic leukemia has __ forms

A

> 25%
blast forms

peripheral blood

mature forms

108
Q

ALL occurs when

A

before the age of 10

109
Q

AML occurs when

A

over the age of 50

110
Q

what do you see in acute leukemia types

A

1/2 WBCs counts elevated
1/2 WBCs normal

anemia is moderate to severe in 80% of people

111
Q

what type of leukemia makes up 30% of all leukemias

A

CLL

112
Q

CLL makes up what % of all leukemias

A

30%

113
Q

CLL occurs when

A

over the age of 50

114
Q

CML occurs when

A

ages 20-50

115
Q

CML makes up what % of all leukemias

A

20%

116
Q

what type of leukemia makes up 20% of all leukemias

A

CML

117
Q

what cell types are present in CML

A

myelocytes and metamyelocytes

118
Q

what leukemia is associated with philadelphia chromosome

A

CML

119
Q

what is an increase in the blood cell mass called

A

polycythemia

120
Q

what are the 3 types of polycythemia

A

vera - all cells increasd (WBC, RBC, platelets)

relative - dehydration

secondary - hypoxia

MI Clinical Diagnosis (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions