GI and Stool

Question 1

proper digestion revolves around what 3 phases of function

Answer 1

oral - chewing, hydrating, enzymatic

gastric - hydrating, enzymatic, denaturing

biliary/pancreatic - enzymatic*, buffering, emulsifcation

Question 2

oral phase produces what enzyme

what is its function

Answer 2

salivary amylase

CHO breakdown

Question 3

gastric phase produce what enzyme(s)

what is there function

Answer 3

HCL and pepsin

denaturing

Question 4

biliary/pancreatic phases produces what enzymes

Answer 4

HCO3
pancreatic amylase 
lipase 
proteases 
bile

Question 5

gastrin is produced by what cells

gastrin is produced in response to what

Answer 5

G cells in the stomach

produced in response to stretching, chewing, and cephalic phase of digestion

Question 6

what occurs when gastrin is produced

Answer 6

causes HCL production

also causes pepsinogen secretion

Question 7

what are the 3 types of superficial gastritis

Answer 7

simple gastritis
atrophic gastritis
gastric atrophy

Question 8

what are the gastrin levels in each type of superficial gastritis

Answer 8

simple gastritis - normal gastrin

atrophic gastritis - normal or slight elevation

gastric atrophy - high gastrin and achlorhydric

Question 9

what are the 3 types of hyperplastic gastropathy

Answer 9

ZE syndrome
hypersecretory gastropathy
menetriers disease

Question 10

what are the gastrin levels in each type of hyperplastic gastropathy

Answer 10

ZE syndrome - extreme hyperacidity

hypersecretory gastropathy - normal gasstrin but increased amounts of acid

menetriers disease - elevated gastrin but decreased amounts of acid

Question 11

anti H pylori antibodies are elevated when

Answer 11

IgM - elevated 3-4 weeks and declines in 2-3 months after tx

IgA - elevates 2 months and declines in 3-4 weeks

IgG - elevated 2 months and stays elevated for 1 year after tx

Question 12

stool tests are used to evaluate and determine function of bowel by checking for…

Answer 12

bleeding, infection, infestations, inflammation, malabsorption

Question 13

what is the cardinal sign if there is inflamamtion in the bowel

if chronic inflammation is present what is the result

Answer 13

diarrhea

malabsorption

Question 14

feceal fat confirms the diagnosis of what

Answer 14

steatorrhea

Question 15

how is fecal fat determined

what is the level that is considered healthy

Answer 15

3 day collection to determine 24 hour output of fat - patient must eat 100 grams of fat for 3 days before the test and then continue eating 100 grams during the 3 day testing period

less than 6 grams

Question 16

what is stool culture used to diagnose

Answer 16

culture and sensitivity

salmonella 
shigella 
campylobacter 
yersinia 
E coli 
clostridium 
staphylococcus

Question 17

what is stool O & P used for

Answer 17

ova and parasites

hookworms
tapeworms
protozoa
cryptosporidium (seen immune compromised patients)

Question 18

what is stool occult blood test used to determine

Answer 18

used to determine bleeds that are slow or high up in the GI tract

Question 19

what can cause false positives on stool occult blood test

Answer 19

false positive (cause bleeding)

iron
NSAIDS
acetyl salicylic acid ASA
steroids

Question 20

what can cause false negatives on stool occult blood test

Answer 20

false negative (no bleeding)

vitamin C

Question 21

when performing a stool occult blood test what must the patient refrain from

Answer 21

avoid eating red meat for 3 days

avoid supplements and OTCs