Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology Exam 1 > RBC Structure > Flashcards

RBC Structure Flashcards

0
Q

What does a cytoskeleton do for a RBC?

A

Provides RBCs with strength & flexibility needed to survive in circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are three things that are crucial to normal RBC survival & function?

A
  1. RBC membrane
  2. hemoglobin structure & function
  3. RBC metabolic pathways
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is deformability in a RBC?

A

Highly elastic

Can distort to traverse small capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the RBC membrane let in?

A

Selectively sequesters vital components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the RBC membrane let out?

A

Allows escape of metabolic waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the RBC membrane regulate metabolism?

A

Reversibly binding & inactivating many glycolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the RBC membrane exchange bicarbonate & chloride ions?

A

Aids in transfer of carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs

Balances cation & water concentrations to maintain RBC ionic composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the components and their percentages of the phospholipid bilayer-protein complex?

A

40% lipids
52% proteins
8% carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What functions does the membrane control?

A

Transport
Durability/strength
Flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The membrane composition determines the membrane’s what?

A

Antigenic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Defects in the membrane can alter function and lead to what?

A

Cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two major proteins of RBCs?

A

Glycophorin

Spectrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of protein is glycophorin?

A

Integral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of protein is spectrin?

A

Peripheral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does glycophorin account for?

A

Most of the negative net charge of RBC causing them to repel each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do glycophorins function as?

A

Anion exchange channels & glycophorins anchor the bilayer to the cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the major component of red cell skeleton?

A

Spectrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does spectrin do?

A

Attaches to other components such as ankyrin to form a network of microfilaments on the inner surface of the RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the network of microfilaments on the inner surface of the RBC do?

A

Strengthens the membrane & control biconcave shape & deformability of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spectrin is phosphorylated by a protein kinase in what kind of fashion?

A

ATP dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are other types of peripheral proteins that are components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Ankyrin
Adducin & Band 4.1
Band 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does ankyrin do?

A

Couples lipid bilayer to the cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Adducin & Band 4.1 do?

A

Promotes the association of spectrin with F-actin

23
Q

What is Band 3 and what does it do?

A

Integral protein

Catalyzes chloride-bicarbonate exchange & contains binding sites for ankyrin, band 4.1, etc.

24
Q

RBC’s deformability is due to what?

A

Biconcave shape
Viscosity of it’s internal contents
Viscoelastic properties of the erythrocyte membrane

25
Q

Deformability is necessary for what?

A

Small vessel transit

26
Q

How does the loss of ATP affect spectrin?

A

Loss of deformability

27
Q

Increased calcium deposists make RBC what?

A

Rigid

28
Q

When RBCs are rigid what kind of cells do they become?

A

Bite cells & spherocytes

29
Q

Where are bite cells & spherocytes removed prematurely?

A

In the spleen

30
Q

Skeletal proteins are not what?

A

Static

31
Q

Proteins are in equilibrium with each other and attachment sites through what two aspects?

A

Association & disassociation

32
Q

Skeletal proteins are not static in response to what?

A

Various physical & chemical stimuli as RBCs travel through the body

33
Q

What dimeric cell membrane protein is important in deformability & requires ATP?

A

Spectrin

34
Q

RBCs are permeable to what compounds or elements?

A

Water
Cl-
HCO3-
Glucose

35
Q

RBC are relatively impermeable to what?

A

Na & K

36
Q

What are the exchange numbers for the ATPase Na/K pump?

A

2 K into cell & 3 Na out

37
Q

When ATP depleted cells build up excess Na & lose water & K what happens?

A

Increased intracellular monovalent cations & water

Cell swelling & osmotic hemolysis

38
Q

What is pumped out by the Ca-ATPase cationic pump?

A

Ca2+

39
Q

Why is Ca2+ is pumped out?

A

To maintain low levels of intracellular Ca2+

40
Q

Elevated Ca2+ induces membrane protein cross-linking how?

A

Acting as a fixative

Causing less shape changes & a loss of deformability

41
Q

What are some RBC membrane lipids?

A

Phospholipds
Glycolipids
Cholesterol

42
Q

An altered arrangement of phospholipids can result in activation of clotting & can lead to what?

A

Extravascular hemolysis

43
Q

Where are glycolipids located in the RBC membrane?

A

Outer half of lipid membrane

44
Q

What do glycolipids do in the RBC membrane?

A

Interact with glycoproteins to form many RBC antigens

45
Q

When there is excess cholesterol in the RBC membrane what happens?

A

There is less fluidity in the cell membrane

46
Q

What two deficiencies may produce acanthocytes & cell hemolysis?

A

Abetalipopprteinemia & LCAT deficiency

47
Q

Excess cholesterol does what to RBCs?

A

Changes morphology - target cells & acanthocytes

RBC membrane damage

48
Q

Excess cholesterol can cause red blood cells to become what?

A

Target cells & acanthocytes

49
Q

Cholesterol accumulation in the RBC membrane causes what RBC morphology?

A

Target cells

50
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia with cholesterol accumulation causes what type of RBC morphology?

A

Acanthocytes

51
Q

LCAT deficiency causes what RBC morphology?

A

Hemolysis with red cell fragmentation

52
Q

Decreased phosphorylated spectrin or altered spectrin causes what type of RBC morphology?

A

Bite cells & spherocytes

53
Q

What protein is a heterodimer that is important in RBC cytoskeleton?

A

Spectrin

54
Q

What shape is an acanthocyte cell?

A

Helmet shape

Hematology Exam 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions