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Hematology Exam 1 > RBC Indices & Anemia > Flashcards

RBC Indices & Anemia Flashcards

0
Q

What are symptoms of anemia?

A 
Lethargy
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Dyspnea
Pallor
Palpitations
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1
Q

What does anemia mean?

A

Without blood

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2
Q

How do we measure anemia?

A

CBC

H&H

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3
Q

How do we classify anemia?

A

RBC indices
Diet
Deficiencies - B12, Fe

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4
Q

What are types of laboratory measures of anemia?

A

RBC count
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit

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5
Q

What is the hemoglobin reference range for male adults?

A

14-18 g/dL

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6
Q

What is the hemoglobin reference range for female adults?

A

12-16 g/dL

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7
Q

What is the hematocrit reference range for males?

A

42-54%

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8
Q

What is the hematocrit reference range for females?

A

36-46%

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9
Q

How is hematocrit measured?

A

Packed cell volume

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10
Q

How is hematocrit (Hct) calculated?

A

RBC count & average cell size

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11
Q

When plasma is low, is there a high or low level of blood cells?

A

High

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12
Q

When the amount of blood cells is low, is there a high or low amount of plasma?

A

High

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13
Q

What is the formula for hematocrit?

A

Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit +/- 3

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14
Q

What is the hematocrit if the hemoglobin is 10?

A

10 x 3 = 30 +/- 3

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15
Q

Is this expected?
Hb = 12.5 g/dL
Hct = 37%

A

Yes

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16
Q

Is this expected?
Hb= 10 g/dL
Hct = 37%

A

No

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17
Q

What help classify RBCs?

A

Size & Hb content/concentration

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18
Q

What are calculations that are used to classify anemia?

A

MCV - mean cell volume
MCH - mean cell hemoglobin
MCHC - mean cell hemoglobin concentration

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19
Q

What is the MCV (mean cell volume) reference range?

A

80-100 fL

20
Q

How is the MCV measured?

A

Measured directly by electrical impedance

21
Q

How is MCV calculated/what is the formula?

A

MCV = Hematocrit (%) x 10 / RBC (10ˆ12/L)

22
Q

What is MCV interpreted as (3 types)?

A

Normocytic
Microcytic
Macrocytic

23
Q

What is RDW?

A

Red cell distribution width

24
Q

What does RDW measure?

A

Anisocytosis

25
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Cell population are different sizes

26
Q

What is the normal reference range of RDW?

A

11.5-14.5

27
Q

What does MCH stand for?

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

28
Q

What does MCH measure?

A

Average hemoglobin per RBC

29
Q

What is the reference range of MCH?

A

27-31 pg

30
Q

What is the formula for MCH?

A

MCH = Hemoglobin (g/dl) x 10 / RBC (10ˆ12/L)

31
Q

What does MCHC stand for?

A

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

32
Q

What is the reference range for MCHC?

A

32-36%

33
Q

What is MCHC used for?

A

Used with MCV to classify erythrocytes

34
Q

What are the classifications of erythrocytes based on MCHC?

A

Normochromic
Hypochromic
Hyperchromic

35
Q

What is the formula for MCHC?

A

MCHC = Hemoglobin (g/dl) x 100 / HCT (%)

36
Q

MCV - 80-100
MCHC 32-36
What are the possible causes?

A

Acute or chronic blood loss
Bone marrow failure
Hemolytic anemia
Leukemia

37
Q

MCV - >100
MCHC - 32-36
What are the possible causes?

A

Megalobastic anemia

Macrocytic anemia

38
Q

MCV - <32

What are the possible causes?

A

Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Lead poisoning
Chronic infection

39
Q

What are the possible causes of normocytic normochromic anemia?

A

Renal failure
Leukemia
Early iron deficiency

40
Q

What size is the RBC of normocytic normochromic anemia?

A

Similar to the nucleus of a lymphoocyte

41
Q

What are the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia?

A

Iron deficiency
Thalassemia minor
Lead poisoning

42
Q

What do the RBCs look like when a person has microcytic hypochromic anemia?

A

Cells are small

Large central pallor

43
Q

What are the causes of macrocytic normochromic anemia?

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)
Alcoholism
Liver disease

44
Q

In polychromasia the Wright’s stain stains what part of the cell?

A

RNA

45
Q

In polychromasia the methylene blue stain colors the cells what color?

A

Blue

46
Q

In peripheral blood smears what type of cells are present (shape)?

A

Target cells

47
Q

What does poikilocytosis mean?

A

RBCs are different shapes

Hematology Exam 1 (7 decks)

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