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HEMA LEC > RBC Structure > Flashcards

RBC Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Name given to the collection of all stages of Erythrocytes throughout the body

A

Erythron

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2
Q

A hormone produced in kidney in response to Tissue Hypoxia

A

Erythropoietin

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3
Q

Specific Action of EPO (3)

A
  1. Induces commited progenitor cells
  2. Shortens generation time of pronormoblast
  3. Promotes Early Release of Retics
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4
Q

Elevated EPO are observed in? (4)

A
  1. Erythroid Hyperplasia
  2. Polycythemia
  3. Hemorrhage
  4. Increase RBC Destruction
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5
Q

Stain used to identify RBC

A

Wright’s Stain

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6
Q

Size of Central Pallor of Mature RBC

A

1/3

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7
Q

Term describing the dynamics of RBC production and destruction

A

Erythrokinetics

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8
Q

% of Protein in the Erythrocyte Membrane

A

52%

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9
Q

% of Lipid in Erythrocyte Membrane

A

40%

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10
Q

% of Carbohydrates in Erythrocyte Membrane

A

8%

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11
Q

Protein that extends from outer surface and spans the entire membrane

A

Integral Protein

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12
Q

Protein that is related to Cell shape, structure deformation

A

Peripheral Protein

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13
Q

Most Abundant Peripheral Protein

A

Spectrin

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14
Q

3 Lipids under Internal Surface

A
  1. Phosphatidylethanolamine
  2. Phosphatidylinositol
  3. Phosphatidylserine
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15
Q

Ligand for Phagocytosis of Dead Cell

A

PhosphatidylETHANOLAMINE

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16
Q

It compliment regulatory proteins

A

phosphatidylINOSITOL

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17
Q

This signals RBC death and is important for clearance of RBC Circulation

A

phosphatidylSERINE

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18
Q

Most abundant Lipid in External Surface?

A

phosphatidylCHOLINE

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19
Q

3 Lipids under External Surface

A
  1. phosphatidylcholine
  2. Glycolipid
  3. Sphingomyelin
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20
Q

This maintains the cholesterol content of RBC

A

Lecithin Carbohydrate Acyltransferace (LCAT(

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21
Q

What component of the Erythrocyte Membrane Determines the blood type?

A

Carbohydrates

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22
Q

Carbohydrate associated with A Antigen

A

N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine (NADG)

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23
Q

Carbohydrate associated with B Antigen

A

D-Galactose

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24
Q

Carbohydrate associated with AB Blood Type

A

NADG

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25
Q

4 Components under Vertical Anchorage

A
  1. Transmembrane Proteins
  2. Integral Proteins
  3. Transverse across bilipid layer
  4. Band 3
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26
Q

5 Components under Horizontal Anchorage

A
  1. Cytoskeleton Proteins
  2. Peripheral Proteins
  3. Spectrin
  4. Actin
  5. Protein 4.1
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27
Q

3 Components of Integral Protein

A
  1. Band 3
  2. Aquaporin
  3. Glycophorin A
28
Q

Protein that is important for prevention of Surface Loss and an Anion Transporter

A

Band 3

29
Q

Protein that is a Water Transporter and related to Colton Antigen

A

Aquaporin

30
Q

Protein that is a Sialic Acid Transporter

A

Glycophorin A

31
Q

3 Functions of Spectrin

A
  1. Flexible
  2. Biconcave Shape
  3. Binding site for Actin and Protein 4.1
32
Q

Protein that is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the membrane

A

Actin

33
Q

Protein that stabilizes actin-spectrin interaction

A

Protein 4.2

34
Q

Protein that stabilizes interaction of Spectrin with actin

A

Adducin

35
Q

Adducin is influenced by ____ for actin interaction

A

Calmodulin

36
Q

Protein that interacts with Band 3 and Spectrin to achieve Linkage

A

Ankyrin

37
Q

This regulates actin polymerization

A

Tropomyosin

38
Q

This controls the actin filaments length

A

Tropomodulin

39
Q

Deformability is influenced by? (3)

A
  1. Cell Shape
  2. Cytoplasmic Viscosity
  3. Membrane Deformability and Stability
40
Q

Membrane Loss results to?

A

Reduced Surface Area

41
Q

Ratio used for Cell Shape Survival?

A

Surface Area / Volume

42
Q

Pathway that is a major source of essential cellular energy

A

Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

43
Q

Glucose undergoes Glycolysis to form what?

A

ATPs

44
Q

Embden-Meyerhof Pathway maintains what its in reduced state?

A

Pyridine Nucleotides

45
Q

Oxidative catabolism of glucose with reduction of NADP to NADPH

A

Hexose Monophosphate Shunt / Oxidative Pathway

46
Q

Pathway relating to the production of Heinz Bodies

A

Oxidative Pathway

47
Q

This pathway prevent oxidation of heme iron

A

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

48
Q

This mechanism is low in energy consumption and is capable of regulating oxygen transport with hypoxia and acid-base disorders

A

Leubering-Rapoport Pathway

49
Q

Leubering-Rapoport permits accumulation of?

A

2,3 DPG

50
Q

This regulates oxygen affinity of Hemoglobin

A

Leubering-Rapoport Pathway

51
Q

5 Mechanism of Red Cell Destruction

A
  1. Fragmentation
  2. Osmotic Lysis
  3. Erythrophagocytosis
  4. Complement induced cytolysis
  5. Hemoglobin Denaturation
52
Q

Red Cell Destruction that deals with loss of a portion of Erythrocytes membrane

A

Fragmentation

53
Q

Red Cell Destruction that deals with passing of water into cell to burst it

A

Osmotic Lysis

54
Q

Red Cell Destruction that deals with ingestion of whole red cells by circulating Monocytes and Neutrophils

A

Erythrophagocytosis

55
Q

Red Cell Destruction that deals when Hemoglobin is exposed to oxidant stress

A

hemoglobin denaturation

56
Q

What % of Aged Red cell undergoes Intravascular Helolysis?

A

10%

57
Q

Type of hemolysis that occurs in Intravascular Catabolism? (2)

A
  1. Fragmentation
  2. Mechanical
58
Q

Type of Hemolysis that occurs in Extravascular Catabolism

A

Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

59
Q

Catabolism that happens in senescent RBCs

A

Extravascular Catabolism

60
Q

Yellowish-Brown crystals in urine that indicates ongoing Hemolysis

A

Hemosiderin

61
Q

Free Hemoglobin binds to what?

A

haptoglobin

62
Q

Heme absorbed into albumin forms?

A

Methemalbumin

63
Q

Methemalbumin is then converted to?

A

Hemopexin

64
Q

3 Laboratory Diagnosis of Intravascular Hemolysis

A
  1. Low Haptoglobin
  2. High Hemopexin
  3. High Hemoglobinuria/Hemosiderinuria
65
Q

Bacterial Infection under Intravascular Hemolysis?

A

C. perfringens sepsis

66
Q

Parasitic Infection under Intravascular Hemolysis

A

P. malaria

67
Q

Causes port wine urine?

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

HEMA LEC (4 decks)

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