Basic Hematological Methods of Examination Flashcards
1
Q
A basic screening test and one of the most frequently ordered laboratory procedure
A
CBC
2
Q
Parameters included in CBC
A
- WBC Count
- RBC Count
- Hgb Determination
- Hct Determination
- Differential Count
3
Q
CBC consist of series of test that determines what of blood cells? (4)
A
- Quantity
- Variety
- % Concentration
- Quality
4
Q
What RBC parameter response to different types of anemia?
A
Reticulocytes
5
Q
Average size of Platelets?
A
8-10 femtoliter
6
Q
Test that measures the number of WBC in your body?
A
WBC Count
7
Q
2 Materials needed for WBC Count?
A
- Hemocytometer
- Microscope
8
Q
WBC Count detects what other than WBCs?
A
Hidden Infection
9
Q
This helps doctors monitor the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation
A
WBC Count
10
Q
Dilution Ratio for WBC Count?
A
1:20
11
Q
Dilution solution used for WBC Count?
A
Diluted Acetic Acid Solution
12
Q
RBC Count is also known as?
A
Erythrocytes Count
13
Q
Importance of RBCs?
A
Carries Oxygen to body tissues
14
Q
Increase RBC indicates?
A
Polycythemia Vera
15
Q
Decreased RBC indicates?
A
Anemia
16
Q
RBC Count in cells per _____, _____ & ______
A
- Microliter
- Milliliter
- Liter
17
Q
Measurement of Concentration of Hemoglobin
A
Hemoglobin Determination
18
Q
It is the protein that carries Oxygen to your body
A
Hemoglobin
19
Q
This RBC Parameter is used to rule out anemia
A
Hemoglobin Determination
20
Q
Percentage of each type of WBC
A
Differential Count
21
Q
Neutrophil Count can determine what?
A
Pyogenic Infection
22
Q
Eosinophil count can indicate? (2)
A
- Allergic Disorder
- Parasitic Infection
23
Q
Basophil Count can indicate?
A
Parasitic Infection
24
Q
Lymphocyte count can indicate?
A
Viral Infection
25
Monocyte count can indicate?
Severe infection by Phagocytosis
26
What can Differential Count detect? (3)
1. Immature WBC
2. Abnormalities
3. Morphology
27
This indirectly by measures RBC Mass
Hematocrit Determination
28
Volume of Packed RBC that occupies given volume of Whole Blood
Hematocrit
29
Hematocrit is also known as?
Packed Cell Volume
30
Results of Hematocrit? (2)
1. Percentage By Volume
2. Fractions
31
Used to asses the erythropoietic activity of the bone
Reticulocytes Count
32
What stain is used to stain living cells ?
Supravital Stain
33
Examples of Supravital Stains Used (3)
1. New Methylene Blue
2. Brilliant Cresyl Blue
3. Pure Azure Blue
34
What ratio of stain to blood is used in Reticulocytes Count
1:1
35
Incubate at what temperature to make a good smear at Reticulocytes Count
Room Temperature
36
Increased Retics can indicate?
Hemolysis
37
This is one of the most oldest hematology test
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
38
ESR can detect only what?
Inflammation
39
2 Types of Method for ESR
1. Westergren Method
2. Wintrobe Method
40
What type of Test is ESR?
non-specific test
41
ESR results are reported in?
mm/hr
42
This test uses graduated concentrations of saline solution
Osmotic Fragility Test
43
OFT is used to detect? (3)
1. Spherocytes
2. Hereditary Spherocytosis
3. Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAHA)
44
Tube used for OFT?
Heparine Tube (Green)
45
This test uses turbidity as a positive result
Sickle Cell Solubility Screening Assay
46
Sickle Cell Solubility Screening Assay is used to detect? (3)
1. Sickle Cell Anemia
2. Thalassemia
3. Qualitative HGB Abnormalities
47
Follow up test for Sickle Cell Solubility Screening Assay (2)
1. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
2. High Performance Liquid Chromatography
48
This phenotypically detects an inherited RBC enzyme deficiency
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Test
49
It is the sum of all those activities in which the laboratory is engaged to ensure that information generated by the lab is correct
Quality Assurance
50
The real purpose of Quality Assurance Program
Determine how correct/incorrect the result is
51
It is a measure of excellence
Quality
52
It Prevents/Minimize Errors
Quality Control
53
Key Components of Quality Assurance (8)
1. Standard Operation Procedure
2. Quality Control
3. Calibration and Maintenance of Equipment
4. Training and Competency of Personnel
5. Sample Handling and Processing
6. Data Management
7. Continuous Improvement
8. Accreditation and Certification
54
3 Major Activities in QAP
1. Preventive
2. Assessment
3. Corrective
55
It is the closeness to the estimated value to the true mean
Accuracy
56
It is the reproducibility of a result
Precision
57
2 Methods of Blood Collection
1. Skin Puncture
2. Venipuncture
58
Blood sample that is collected from skin puncture is called?
Peripheral Blood
59
Peripheral Blood is a mixture of what? (3)
1. Capillary
2. venous
3. Arterial
60
Sites of puncture for Skin Punture (3)
1. Finger
2. Earlobe
3. Heel
61
Site of Skin Puncture for <1 year old?
Lateral Portion of Plantar Surface of Heel
62
What condition could puncturing the soft bone in the heel of an infant lead to?
Osteomyelitis
63
Earlobe puncture can detect? (2)
1. Abnormalities in WBC
2. Histiocytes
64
Sites to Avoid (4)
1. Inflamed or Pallor Areas
2. Cold and Cyanotic Areas
3. Congested and Edematous Areas
4. Scarred and Heavily Calloused Areas
65
2 Advantages of Skin Puncture using Earlobe?
1. Less pain
2. Less Nerve Endings
66
Disadvantage of Skin Puncture?
Less volume of blood
67
Order of Draw for Skin Puncture? (5)
1. Blood Gas Analysis
2. Slides
3. Edta
4. Other microtubes
5. Serum Microtubes
68
Manner of inserting a needle attached to a syringe to collect blood
Venipuncture
69
Blood Sample collected for Venipuncture?
Venous Blood
70
Angle of Needle Insertion?
15-30 degrees
71
Length of needle?
1-1.5 inches long
72
Order of Draw for Venipuncture? (7)
1. Blood Culture
2. Blue
3. Serum Sterile Tubes
4. Green
5. Lavender
6. Sodium Fluoride
7. Gray
73
Fastest method for Venipuncture?
Evacuated Tube System
74
Sites of Venipuncture for Newborn to 18 months (3)
1. External Jugular Vein
2. Temporal Vein
3. Superior Longitudinal Sinus
75
Site of Venipuncture for 18 months to 3 years old (4)
1. Femoral Vein
2. Ankle Vein
3. Popliteal Vein
4. Long Saphenous Vein
76
Site of Venipuncture for 3 years old to adult (3)
1. Wrist Vein
2. Dorsal Vein of the Hand
3. Dorsal Vein of the Ankle
77
2 Patterns of Vein
1. H Pattern
2. M Pattern
78
Veins under H Pattern
1. Median capital Vein
2. Cephalic Vein
3 Basilic Vein
79
Veins under M Pattern
1. Median
2. Accessory Cephalic Vein
3. Basilic Vein
80
2 Advantages of Evacuated Tube Method?
1. Easy Blood Reserves
2. Vacuum Exact Volume
81
Complications of Venipuncture (3)
1. Hematoma
2. Fainting
3. Nausea
82
5 Most Common Anticoagulant used in Hematology?
1. Edta
2. Citrate
3. Heparin
4. Oxalate
5. Double Oxalate
83
Mode of Action of Edta?
Binds to non-ionized calcium then chelates calcium
84
3 Forms of Edta?
1. Dipotassium EDTA
2. Disodium EDTA
3. Tripotassium EDTA
85
Uses of EDTA tube (4)
1. CBC
2. ESR
3. PLT Count
4. PBS
86
Advantages of EDTA (3)
1. Preservation of Cell Morphology
2. Prevents Platelet Aggregation
3. Prevents artifac Formation
87
Most common and preferred anticoagulant for coagulation studies
Citrate
88
Mode of Action of Citrate
Binds to Calcium
89
Anticoagulant buffer for citrate?
0.109 M / 3.8% Na
90
Most commonly used for OFT and Immunology
Heparin
91
Mode of Action of Heparin
Binds to Thrombin
92
2 Forms of Heparin?
1. Sodium Heparin
2. Lithium Heparin
93
5 Uses for Heparin Tube
1. RBC Count
2. Hemoglobin
3. Hematocrit
4. ESR
5. OFT
94
4 Disadvantages of Heparin Tube
1. Not recommended for Coagulation Studies
2. Not for WBC
3. Not for Blood Smear Prep
4. Most Expensive
95
Mode of Action of Oxalates
Binds Calcium
96
3 Forms of Oxalates
1. Double oxalate
2. Lithium Oxalate
3. Sodium Oxalate
97
Lithium oxalate is for?
Blood Body Fluids
98
Sodium Oxalate is for?
Coagulation
99
Double Oxalates are salts of? (2)
1. Ammonium
2. Potassium
100
type of oxalate where RBC Shrinks
Potassium Oxalate
101
Type of oxalate where RBC Swells
Ammonium Oxalate
102
Double Oxalate is also known as?
Balance Oxalate
103
3 Disadvantages of Double Oxalate
1. Not for Blood Transfusion
2. Causes clumping of WBCs and Platelets
3. Not for PBS
