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HEMA LEC > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

A continuous, regulated process of blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis

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2
Q

Cell blood production includes? (4)

A
  1. Cell Renewal
  2. Proliferation
  3. Differentiation
  4. Maturation
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3
Q

3 Hematopoietic development

A
  1. Post Natal Development
  2. Fetal Development
  3. Post Natal Development
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4
Q

3 Phases of Pre-Natal Development

A
  1. Mesoblastic Phase
  2. Hepatic Phase
  3. Myeloid Phase
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5
Q

Mesoblastic Phase is also known as?

A

Primitive Phase

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6
Q

Mesoblastic Phase Begins at?

A

19th Day after Fertilization

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7
Q

Chief site of Mesoblastic Phase?

A

Yolk Sac

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8
Q

First cells to be found in the Yolk Sac and where does it arise from?

A

Primitive Erythrocytes / Mesodermal Cells

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9
Q

3 Embryonic Hemoglobin?

A
  1. Gower 1
  2. Gower 2
  3. Portland
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10
Q

At what phase does Alpha Globin Chain Begins?

A

Mesoblastic Phase

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11
Q

Gower 1 Globin Chain Combination

A

2 Epsilon 2 Zeta

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12
Q

Gower 2 Globin Chain Combination

A

2 Alpha 2 Epsilon

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13
Q

Portland Globin Chain Combination

A

2 Zeta 2 Gamma

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14
Q

Hepatic phase is also known as?

A

Definitive Hematopoiesis

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15
Q

Hepatic Phase chief site

A

Liver

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16
Q

Hepatic phase begins at?

A

5-7 Gestational Weeks

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17
Q

What developing organs contribute to the Hepatic Phase? (4)

A
  1. Thymus
  2. Spleen
  3. Kidney
  4. Lymph Nodes
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18
Q

Major Site for T Cell Production

A

Thymus

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19
Q

Organs that produces B Cells (2)

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Spleen
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20
Q

Embryonic Hemoglobin will be converted into what Hemoglobin? (2)

A
  1. Hemoglobin F
  2. Hemoglobin A
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21
Q

Hemoglobin F Globin Chain Combination

A

2 Alpha 2 Gamma

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22
Q

Myeloid Phase is also known as?

A

Medullary Phase

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23
Q

When does Medullary Phase Start?

A

4th and 5th Month of Fetal Development

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24
Q

Chief Site of Medullary Phase

A

Bone Marrow

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25
Q

Myeloid to Erythroid Ratio

A

3:1

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26
Q

Glycoproteins that are responsible for stimulation and Production of RBCs

A

Erythropoietin

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27
Q

Type of Growth Factor

A

Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor

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28
Q

Stimulates the production of Granulocyte, Monocyte and Macrophage

A

GM-CSF (Granulocyte Macrophage CSF)

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29
Q

Hemoglobin A Globin Chain Combination

A

2 Alpha 2 Beta

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30
Q

Hemoglobin A2 Globin Chain Combination

A

2 Alpha 2 Delta

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31
Q

Cells for the production if Granulocyted

A

Myeloid

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32
Q

Lymphoid Tissue where T and B Lymphocytes are derived

A

Primary Lymphoid Tissue

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33
Q

Sites where Adult Hematopoiesis Occurs (6)

A
  1. Tibia
  2. Femur
  3. Lymph Nodes
  4. Rib
  5. Sternum
  6. Vertebra
34
Q

2 Major Functions of BM?

A
  1. Proliferation
  2. Production of Blood Cells
35
Q

2 Major Components of BM?

A
  1. Red Marrow
  2. Yellow Marrow
36
Q

Hematopoietically Active Marrow

A

Red Marrow

37
Q

2 Progenitors in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell

A
  1. CMP
  2. CLP
38
Q

2 Progenitors in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell

A
  1. CMP
  2. CLP
39
Q

4 Main Functions of Red Marrow

A
  1. Produce Blood Cells
  2. Destroy RBC
  3. Iron Storage
  4. Central Organ for B Lymphocyte development
40
Q

Inactive marrow that is composed of Adipocytes and Fat Cells

A

Yellow Marrow

41
Q

Process of replacing the active marrow by yellow marrow

A

Retrogression

42
Q

Plays an important role in Stem Cell Differentiation and Proliferation

A

Hematopoietic Microenvironment

43
Q

semifluid matrix that serves as an anchor for developing Hematopoietic cells

A

Stroma

44
Q

Composition of Stroma (6)

A
  1. Endothelial Cells
  2. Adipocytes
  3. Macrophages
  4. Osteoblasts
  5. Osteoclasts
  6. Retics
45
Q

Regulates the flow of particles entering and leaving Hematopoietic spaces

A

Endothelial Cells

46
Q

Secretes various steroids that influence Erythropoiesis

A

Adipocytes

47
Q

Bone Forming Cells with comet appearance

A

Osteoblasts

48
Q

Bone Resorbing or Destroying Cells

A

Osteoclasts

49
Q

Supports the vascular sinuses and developing Hematopoietic cells

A

Retics

50
Q

Major site for blood cells production during 2nd trimester

A

Liver

51
Q

4 Functions of Liver

A
  1. Protein Synthesis
  2. Drug clearance
  3. Iron Storage
  4. Hemoglobin Degredation
52
Q

Largest Lymphoid organ in the body

A

Spleen

53
Q

2 Functions of Spleen

A
  1. Indiscriminate Filter
  2. Platelet Storage Site
54
Q

3 Regions of Spleen

A
  1. White Pulp
  2. Red Pulp
  3. Marginal Zone
55
Q

Consists of Scattered follicles with germinal center

A

White Pulp

56
Q

Composed of Vascular Sinusoids and Sinuses separated

A

Red Pulp

57
Q

Surrounds the white pulp and forms reticular meshwork

A

Marginal Zone

58
Q

2 Methods of Removing Senescent from Circulation

A
  1. Culling
  2. Pitting
59
Q

Cells ate phagocytized with subsequent degradation of cell organelles

A

Culling

60
Q

Spleenic Macrophages remove inclusions or damage surface membrane

A

Pitting

61
Q

3 Functions of Lymph Nodes

A
  1. Formation of New Lymphocytes
  2. Processing Specific Immunoglobulin
  3. Filtration of Particulate Matter
62
Q

3 Regions of Lymph Nodes

A
  1. Cortex
  2. Medulla
  3. Paracortex
63
Q

Organ Responsible in the conditioning of T Lymphocytes

A

Thymus

64
Q

Cell that have extensive proliferative capacity

A

Stem Cells

65
Q

2 Functions of Stem Cells

A
  1. Give rise to new stem cell
  2. Differentiate any blood cell lines
66
Q

3 Hematopoietic Growth Factors

A
  1. CSF
  2. EPO
  3. TPO
67
Q

Pan myeloid growth factor that stimulates Granulocytes, Monocytes, Macrophages and Eosinophils

A

GM-CSF

68
Q

Stimulates Granulocytes production and functional activation

A

G-CSF

69
Q

Stimulates Monocyte and Macrophage Production

A

M-CSF

70
Q

Monocytes, Fibroblast and Megakaryocytes

A

Meg-CSF

71
Q

Stimulates proliferation, growth and differentiation of Erythroid Precursors

A

EPO

72
Q

Regulates Production of Platelets

A

TPO

73
Q

Organ Source for TPO

A

Liver

74
Q

Control of Hematopoiesis (3)

A
  1. Multiplication
  2. Gradual Maturation
  3. Orderly Release
75
Q

3 Possible Activities of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

A
  1. Self-Renewal
  2. Differentiation
  3. Apotosis
76
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

77
Q

Group of Specific Glycoproteins

A

Cytokines

78
Q

6 Cytokines

A
  1. Interleukins
  2. Lymphokines
  3. Monokines
  4. Interferons
  5. CSF
  6. Chemokines
79
Q

Positive Influence of Cytokines (7)

A
  1. IL-1
  2. IL-3
  3. IL-6
  4. IL-9
  5. IL-11
  6. GM-CSF
  7. Kit Ligand
80
Q

Works synergistically with TPO for production of platelets (3)

A
  1. IL-3
  2. IL-6
  3. IL-9

HEMA LEC (4 decks)

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