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EPHE 340 > RBC Disorders > Flashcards

RBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

reticulocytes

A

rate of RBC production

indicator of how active bone marrow is at pumping out RBCs

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2
Q

hemoglobin

A

Hb content in blood

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3
Q

hematocrit

A

volume of cells in 100mL of blood (RBC count)

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4
Q

mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

size of the RBC

normocytic

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5
Q

mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC)

A

concentration of Hb in RBC

normochromic

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6
Q

ferratin

A

measure of body’s iron stores

iron bound to ferratin protein and stored in liver

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7
Q

hypochromic

A

MCHC –> pale cell (not enough Hb packed into cell relative to its size)

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8
Q

macrocytic

A

RBC too big (too much time in maturation –> cannot fit through capillary bed)

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9
Q

microcytic

A

RBC too small (not very much Hb within; released before they reach full size)

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10
Q

erythrocytes

A

erythropoeisis –> reticuloctyes are released from red bone marrow (immature, no biconcave shape, not as flexible = cannot function as well) –>

erythroctyes (RBCs) = mature, biconcave disc, flexible; contains Hb

lifespan 120 days
no nuclei or mitochondria

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11
Q

erythropoeitin (EPO)

A

stimulates RBC production

not enough O2 in blood –> kidney senses drop in partial pressure –> produces EPO (acts on red bone marrow to produce RBCs)

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12
Q

hemoglobin synthesis

A

rate depends on iron availability

if we do not have Hb –> RBC synthesis is impacted –> smaller cells

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13
Q

transferrin

A

iron transported (iron transported in blood to red bone marrow –> used in synthesis of RBC)

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14
Q

breakdown of Hb

A

aged RBCs go to spleen

body reuses components –> Hb broken into heme (iron) and globin (AA chain) –> iron reused to make new RBCs

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15
Q

anemia

A

deficient RBC production or insufficient Hb

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16
Q

common lab test of all anemias

A

low Hb

low hematocrit

17
Q

Hb deficit caused by

A

reduction in total number of RBCs

decrease in quality/quality of Hb

deficit = reduction in O2 carrying capacity –> impacts how our other tissues are able to operate

18
Q

typical anemia manifestations

A

fatigue

tachycardia

pallor

dyspnea

19
Q

persisting anemia

A

oxygen deficit prolonged –> decreased regeneration of epithelial cells

  1. digestive tract becomes inflamed and ulcered (stomatitis)
  2. inflamed and cracked lips
  3. hair and skin brittle
  4. dysphasia (cannot get words out)

severe = angina or CHF

20
Q

iron deficiency anemia: lab test

A

low ferratin

low MCHC (hypochromic)

low MCV (microcytic)

21
Q

IDA: manifestations

A

typical of anemia

pica

22
Q

IDA: causes

A
  1. increased requirements
  2. decreased intake
  3. decreased absorption
  4. increased loss (acute and chronic)
23
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

large, immature blood cells (macrocytic)

folic acid deficiency or perniculous anemia

folic acid –> improved with diet or supplement

PA –> not improved with diet

24
Q

low folic acid levels due to

A

medication (methotrexate)

increased demand (pregnancy, puberty, exercise)

impaired absorption (alcoholism. CD)

25
Q

perniculous anemia

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

lack of absorption of b12 (due to lack of intrinsic factor)

large, immature, nucleated RBCs (spend more time in DNA synthesis)

carry less Hb (relative to their size) and have shorter life span

26
Q

PA: lab test

A

normal ferratin
low B12
normal MCHC
high MCV

27
Q

PA: manifestations

A

typical anemia

tongue enlarged (red, shiny, sore)

digestive discomfort

feelings of pins and needles, tingling in limbs

28
Q

aplastic anemia

A

impairment or failure in bone marrow

pancytopenia –> reduction in all 3 stem lines

29
Q

aplastic lab tests:

A

normal ferratin
normal MCHC
normal MCV
low RBC

30
Q

aplastic: signs and symptoms

A

leukopenia –> increased infection

thrombocytopenia –> bleed and bruise more easily

typical anemia

31
Q

AA: causes

A

cancer or cancer treatment

genetic (hereditary)

viruses (Hep C)

32
Q

AA: treatment

A

treat underlying cause; transfusion may be necessary or bone marrow transplant

33
Q

polycythemia

A

too many RBCs

high RBC count (hematocrit > 50%)

34
Q

primary polycythemia

A

polycythemia vera

neoplastic disorder

increased production of RBC and other cells in bone marrow

not EPO issue (Serum levels low)

35
Q

secondary polycythemia

A

erythrocytosis

prolonged hypoxia –> increase in RBCs (EPO secretion high)

compensation mechanism

respiratory disease or altitude

36
Q

poly: manifestations

A

distended BVs (sluggish blood flow)

increased BP

hypertrophied heart

thromboses and infarctions

hepatomegaly and splenomegaly

dyspnea

headaches

visual disturbances

EPHE 340 (10 decks)

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