RBC disorder Pharmacology

Question 1

What is Epoetin Alfa used for?

Answer 1

Used to treat CKD-induced anaemia. It is Erythropoietin supplement.

Question 2

What drug stimulates the production of RBC from bone marrow stem cells?

Answer 2

Epoetin Alfa

Question 3

What drug can cause Vit B12 deficiency?

Answer 3

Metformin

Question 4

What drug is an antagonist of folic acid?

Answer 4

MTX - used for RA

Question 5

What are the considerations regarding Epoetin Alfa?

Answer 5

• Monitor HTN and ensure Hb levels do not increase too fast as this can cause HTN.
• IV only
• Can cause skin reaction.

Question 6

What is used to treat IDA?

Answer 6

Oral Fe supplements and parental Fe.

Question 7

What is an example of an oral Fe supplement?

Answer 7

Ferrous sulfate and Ferrous gluconate.

Question 8

Iron-polymaltose and iron-sucrose are both…?

Answer 8

Parental Fe supplements

Question 9

What is the most serious reaction to parental iron supplementation?

Answer 9

Anaphylactic reaction

Question 10

ADR for iron supplements

Answer 10

• GI upset
• headache
• diarrhoea or constipation
• local pain, phlebitis
• allergic reactions

Question 11

What can cause teeth discolouration?

Answer 11

Iron supplements

Question 12

What are ways to reduce GI upset when taking iron supplements?

Answer 12

Take with meals and start at a low dose.

Question 13

milk and antacids _____ iron absorption.

Answer 13

reduce

Question 14

Iron supplements should be continued for _____ after anaemia is corrected.

Answer 14

3 months.

Question 15

Metabolic acidosis, N&V are signs of iron supplementation _____.

Answer 15

toxicity.

Question 16

What are the potential effects of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 16

It can lead to cardiovascular collapse severe organ damage or death within 24hrs.

Question 17

What can cause folic acid deficiency anaemia?

Answer 17

• poor diet
• GI diseases
• Medications (MTX)

Question 18

Why is folic acid important?

Answer 18

Required for DNA synthesis - RBC production in bone marrow

Question 19

Lack of Intrinsic Factor in the gastric mucosa leads to the malabsorption of _____. This results in _______.

Answer 19

Vit B12. Pernicious anaemia.

Question 20

True/False: pernicious anaemia is related to inadequate dietary intake of B12.

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

Is the treatment for Pernicious Anaemia parental or oral?

Answer 21

Parental - IM

Question 22

______ocobalamin & ___ocobalamin are both drugs that treat _____ anaemia.

Answer 22

Hydrox(ocobalamin)
Cyan(ocobalamin)
pernicious

Question 23

What can high doses of B12 preparations cause?

Answer 23

hypokalaemia.

Question 24

True/False: VitB12 solutions are compatible with glucose solutions.

Answer 24

FALSE. They are INcompatible with glucose solutions and solutions that are either alkaline or too acidic.

Question 25

What are key elements required for RBC production?

Answer 25

Erythropoietin, Iron, B12, folic acid

Question 26

What is the reason for lethargy and fatigue in those with anaemia?

Answer 26

Due to the reduced 02 being carried around the body.

Question 27

___ supplements can be taken from the 2nd trimester on.

Answer 27

Fe

Question 28

What anaemia treatment is light sensitive and should not be frozen or refridgerated?

Answer 28

Vit B12 Hydroxocobalamin.
AND
Folic acid

Question 29

What can Folic acid treat as well as anaemia?

Answer 29

Prevent neural tube defects (NTD)

Reduce ADR of MTX