RBC disorder Pharmacology Flashcards
What is Epoetin Alfa used for?
Used to treat CKD-induced anaemia. It is Erythropoietin supplement.
What drug stimulates the production of RBC from bone marrow stem cells?
Epoetin Alfa
What drug can cause Vit B12 deficiency?
Metformin
What drug is an antagonist of folic acid?
MTX - used for RA
What are the considerations regarding Epoetin Alfa?
- Monitor HTN and ensure Hb levels do not increase too fast as this can cause HTN.
- IV only
- Can cause skin reaction.
What is used to treat IDA?
Oral Fe supplements and parental Fe.
What is an example of an oral Fe supplement?
Ferrous sulfate and Ferrous gluconate.
Iron-polymaltose and iron-sucrose are both…?
Parental Fe supplements
What is the most serious reaction to parental iron supplementation?
Anaphylactic reaction
ADR for iron supplements
- GI upset
- headache
- diarrhoea or constipation
- local pain, phlebitis
- allergic reactions
What can cause teeth discolouration?
Iron supplements
What are ways to reduce GI upset when taking iron supplements?
Take with meals and start at a low dose.
milk and antacids _____ iron absorption.
reduce
Iron supplements should be continued for _____ after anaemia is corrected.
3 months.
Metabolic acidosis, N&V are signs of iron supplementation _____.
toxicity.
What are the potential effects of metabolic acidosis?
It can lead to cardiovascular collapse severe organ damage or death within 24hrs.
What can cause folic acid deficiency anaemia?
- poor diet
- GI diseases
- Medications (MTX)
Why is folic acid important?
Required for DNA synthesis - RBC production in bone marrow
Lack of Intrinsic Factor in the gastric mucosa leads to the malabsorption of _____. This results in _______.
Vit B12. Pernicious anaemia.
True/False: pernicious anaemia is related to inadequate dietary intake of B12.
FALSE
Is the treatment for Pernicious Anaemia parental or oral?
Parental - IM
______ocobalamin & ___ocobalamin are both drugs that treat _____ anaemia.
Hydrox(ocobalamin)
Cyan(ocobalamin)
pernicious
What can high doses of B12 preparations cause?
hypokalaemia.
True/False: VitB12 solutions are compatible with glucose solutions.
FALSE. They are INcompatible with glucose solutions and solutions that are either alkaline or too acidic.
What are key elements required for RBC production?
Erythropoietin, Iron, B12, folic acid
What is the reason for lethargy and fatigue in those with anaemia?
Due to the reduced 02 being carried around the body.
___ supplements can be taken from the 2nd trimester on.
Fe
What anaemia treatment is light sensitive and should not be frozen or refridgerated?
Vit B12 Hydroxocobalamin.
AND
Folic acid
What can Folic acid treat as well as anaemia?
Prevent neural tube defects (NTD)
Reduce ADR of MTX
