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RBM2202 Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 > Endocrine Pharmacology > Flashcards

Endocrine Pharmacology Flashcards

Prep for final exam

1
Q

What are the 2 main thyroid hormones

A

T3 and T4

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2
Q

What is the preferred treatment for hypothyroidism and why?

A

L-thyroxine T4.

T4 is less toxic than T3 (cardiotoxic). It is less expensive and has a longer half life.

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3
Q

What are the issues in relation to T4 and the elderly or renal/liver impaired?

A

Dose should be monitored and reviewed as the body may not be able to metabolise the drug leaving more unbound T4.

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4
Q

When pt is taking T4 monitor for S/S of OD. What are these?

A

Tachycardia, HTN, anxiety, insomnia.

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5
Q

When taking T4 what _______ should be tested periodically.

A

Thyroid function.

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6
Q

What are the 3 options for management of Hyperthyroidism?

A

1) Anti-thyroid agents - Iodide solutions SSKI
2) Radioactive Isotopes I131
3) Surgery

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7
Q

What are the pharmacological intervention for hyperthyroidism?

A

Thionamides - PTU (propylthiouracil)
Potassium Iodide (KI)
Beta blockers.

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8
Q

How does PTU work?

A

It prevents iodine from being used to make T3 and T4.

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9
Q

PTU can cross the ______ during pregnancy. This can result in the baby having ______ _________.

A

Placenta.

congenital hypothyroidism.

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10
Q

What is Agranulocytosis?

A

Causes flu-like symptoms due to a low neutrophil count <100/ml). Sudden fever, chills, sore throat, weakness, sore mouth and gums, mouth ulcers and bleeding.

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11
Q

How long before therapeutic range for PTU is met?

A

3-4 weeks.

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12
Q

When is KI used for those with hyperthyroidism?

A

Potassium Iodide stops T3+T4 production by oversaturation of the thyroid, which turns off the stimulus. Leads to reduced vascularity of the thyroid so is perfect for use before thyroidectomy.

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13
Q

How do beta blockers help with hyperthyroidsim?

A

They are a complimentary treatment which alleviates symptoms (tachycardia, anxiety) and reduce T3-T4 conversion.

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14
Q

What are the indications for I131?

A

Hyperthyroidism or Thyroid cancer.

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15
Q

I131 should not be in close contact with ______ and _______ for ____

A

children, pregnant people, 1 week.

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16
Q

What is the half life of I131?

A

8 days

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17
Q

What does I131 do?

A

Destroys thyroid cells.

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18
Q

KI can leave a _______ taste in mouth. It can also cause ______ to the teeth.

A

Metallic, staining

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19
Q

True/False: The body cannot make iodine.

A

True

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20
Q

What is an example of a beta blocker

A

Metoprolol

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21
Q

___________ is used as a replacement therapy for hypothyroidism.

A

Thyroxine

22
Q

The thyroid gland needs _____ to produce __ and ___ that regulate the body _______

A

Iodine, T3, T4, metabolism.

23
Q

What drug is used to treat hypersecretion of GH? AKA acromegaly.

A

Lanreotide (GH antagonist)

24
Q

What drug is used to treat Growth Hormone Deficiency?

A

Somatropin (Human growth hormone)

25
Q

Somatropin is to be administered __or __

A

IM or SC

26
Q

When is Somatropin contradicted?

A

When growth plates or epiphyses are fused.

27
Q

When Somatropin is taken S/S of ______ _______ and ________ should be monitored.

A

glucose intolerance, hypothyroidism

28
Q

What is the action of Somatropin?

A

Stimulates skeletal growth.

29
Q

When Lanreotide is take ____ should be monitored.

A

BGL

30
Q

Biliary tract obstruction is an adverse event for what drug?

A

Lanreotide.

31
Q

What is Desmopressin?

A

It is used for hyposecretion of ADH. It is an ADH agonist (retain H20).

32
Q

What is Desmopressin indicated for?

A 
Diabetes Insipidus (low ADH or insensitive to ADH)
Haemorrhage
short term control of bed wetting
33
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Causes the kidneys to reabsorb Na and H20 thus reducing the amount of urine produced and raising blood pressure.

34
Q

Desmopressin use should be used with caution in those with ______ disorders, due to ____ ____ causing ___

A

Cardiovascular, fluid retention, HTN.

35
Q

True/False: Desmopressin is fine to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

A

FALSE.

36
Q

What are the signs of fluid overload?

A

Headache, weight gain, N&V.

37
Q

What is used to treat hypersecretion of ADH? (or SIADH)

A

Demeclocycline (Tetracycline) (ADH antagonist) Increase fluid secretion.

38
Q

____ products should not be taken with Demeclocycline.

A

Dairy

39
Q

What s the site of action for Demeclocycline?

A

The collecting tubule cells in the kidneys. It diminishes their responsiveness to ADH.

40
Q

Should those on Demeclocycline be on a fluid restriction?

A

Yes. <1L/day.

41
Q

Who is contradicted to take Demeclocycline?

A

children under 8yrs and later pregnancy.

42
Q

What are Goitrogens?

A

substances that interfere with iodine uptake in the thyroid gland which results in reduced TH production.

43
Q

What are some examples of Goitrogens?

A

Strawberries, broccoli, red wine, mustard, etc.

44
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

45
Q

What is oxytocin used for?

A

Induction of labour
Placenta delivery
milk let-down
involution of the uterus

46
Q

True/false: Oxytocin can cause hypertension.

A

False. Mothers should be monitored for dose-related hypotension.

47
Q

Oxytocin in labour increases the risk of ____ _____ and ______ _______

A

uterine rupture,

cervical laceration

48
Q

Monitor _____ heart rate during labour when oxytocin is being used.

A

Foetal

49
Q

What drugs do you need to be aware of interacting with PTU?

A

Warfarin, digoxin, Theophylline.

50
Q

What is another name for hyperthyroidism?

A

Thyrotoxicosis.

RBM2202 Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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