RBC, Blood Types Flashcards
Components of blood
plasma (55%)
leukocytes and platelets (1%)
erythrocytes (44%)
What is in plasma?
water, proteins (albumin, fibrinogen, globulins), electrolytes
What is hematocrit?
cellular elements~ RBC
What is serum?
plasma minus clotting factors
What is the lifespan of a RBC, where is it destroyed?
120 days
spleen
Do RBC have a nucleus? Do they have mitochondia?
no & no
What is the shape of a RBC?
biconcave
What enzyme do RBC contain?
carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase
enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction between CO2 + H2O to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)
In what form does water of the blood transport CO2?
bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
How much hemoglobin do men and women have?
45% (15g/dl) men
40% (14g/dl) women
Hemoglobin
the protein in RBC responsible for carrying oxygen
4 subunits each with iron and heme group
anemia
lower than normal number of RBC or quantity of hemoglobin
blood loss anemia
hemorrhage
hemolytic anemia
sickle cell anemia
autoimmune disease
microcytic anemia
lack of iron
low hemoglobin concentration
megaloblastic anemia
B12, folate deficiency
polycythemia vera
thick blood, slow flow, clot easily, increase in Hb
describe the genesis of RBCs
1-proerythroblast 2-basophil erythroblast 3- polychromatophil erythroblast 4- orthochromatic eryhtroblast 5- reticulocyte 6- erthrocyte
chart microcytic anemia
Hb- decrease RBC- decrease Hematocrit- decrease MCV- decrease MCH- decrease
chart megaloclastic anemia
Hb- decrease RBC- decrease Hematocrit- decrease MCV- increase MCH- increase
chart blood loss anemia
Hb- decrease RBC- decrease Hematocrit- decrease MCV- normal MCH- normal
MCV
mean corpuscular volume
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
What are factors that decrease tissue oxygenation?
hypovolemia anemia low Hb poor blood flow pulmonary disease
What controls the amount of RBCs created?
the amount of tissue oxygenation
erythropoletin
a circulating hormone that senses low oxygen states and is formed in the kidneys
how does erythropoletin work?
1- stimulates production of RBCs by the stem cells
2- causes cells to pass more rapidly through the different erthroblastic phases
What is blood doping/infusion?
administration of blood products, RBC, EPO or related products to increase oxygen carrying capacity
agglutinogens
antigens on the surface of RBCs
A, B, AB, neither
agglutinins
antibodies that your body produces against the antigens your RBCs do NOT have
Rh
transmembrane proteins that help transport ammonia
Rh D
most common antigen
if you have D then you are Rh + and if you don’t then you are Rn -
Do Rh negative people develop Rh agglutinins to Rh positive factor exposure?
Yes
Erythroblastosis fetalis
when the mother is Rh - and the fetus is Rh + and the mothers agglutinins diffuse through the placenta into the fetus and cause agglutination
with future pregnancies of the erythroblastosis fetalis disease is there more or less signs of disease?
more signs of the disease with the 2nd child and even more with the 3rd
Draw out a RBC compatibility table
Blood cells, types PPT Slide 16
What are the types of blood reactions?
mismatched blood (A and B or neg and pos) agglutination (clumping) RBC destruction (hemolysis) Circulatory shock kidney failure
