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Physiology > Neurotransmitters and Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters and Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of synapses?

A

Electrical and Chemical

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2
Q

Electrical Synapses

A

Gap Junction where electrical current flows directly from one cell to the next, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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3
Q

Chemical Synapses

A

Neurotransmitters are released in synapse (CNS)

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4
Q

What is the precursor for Acetylcholine?

A

Acetyl-CoA and Choline

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5
Q

What are the three terminals that an axon can synapse at?

A

axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic

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6
Q

What aids in the exocytosis of neurotransmitters in vesicles?

A

SNARE proteins- that help dock vesicle to the membrane

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7
Q

What is one motor unit?

A

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

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8
Q

What are the two main types of neurotransmitters and examples?

A 
Small molecules (Ach, ATP, Serotonin, Dopamine, Epi, Norepi)
Peptides (hormones and endorphins)
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9
Q

What is the precursor for GABA?

A

Glutamic acid

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10
Q

What is the precursor for serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

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11
Q

What are the precursors for epinephrine?

A

Tyrosine>dopa>dopamine>norepinephrine>epi

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12
Q

Where are hormones released from (2)?

A

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

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13
Q

Where are the small molecule neurotransmitters made?

A

presynaptic axon terminal

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14
Q

Where are the peptides made?

A

Made in the cell body

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15
Q

What are the peptides transported down the axon with?

A

Microtubules

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16
Q

What are the three types of neurotransmitter receptors?

A

1- Ligand gated ion channels (ionotropic)
2- GPCR (metabotropic)
3- Enzyme linked receptors (TKR)

17
Q

What do ionotropic receptors do when the NT binds?

A

Conformational change

18
Q

What do the metabotropic receptors do when the NT binds?

A

Work by second messengers

19
Q

Describe or sketch the Ach ionotropic and metabotropic receptor pathways.

A

Slide 20

20
Q

Summarize the difference between long lasting (slow potentials) and short lasting (rapid potential) pathways

A

Slide 21

21
Q

What are the three ways to terminate the NT?

A

breakdown (esterases)
reuptake (glial cells or presynaptic neuron)
diffusion (bloodstream)

22
Q

What is the mechanism for SSRIs and cocaine?

A

They block the reuptake of NTs in the presynaptic neuron

23
Q

What is the mechanism for Ecstasy and amphetamines?

A

They block the reuptake of NTs in the presynaptic neuron and increase the production/release of NT into the synapse

24
Q

What is the mechanism for Nerve gases or insecticides?

A

they inhibit the enzymes that break down the NT (ex- block acetylcholinesterase and thus flood the synapse with Ach)

25
Q

Explain how potentiation of synapses is a part of memory?

A

increased NT release

Physiology (13 decks)

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