RBC BIOLOGY AND PRESERVATION

Question 1

RBC membrane consists of

Answer 1

carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Question 2

give the RBC membrane its antigenic property

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

are of two kinds
■ Transmembrane​- embedded in biphospholipid layer
■ Periphera​l- also known as skeletal proteins, are found underneath the cell membrane. Examples are spectrin
and actin.

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

​can be in the form of cholesterol and phospholipids.

For the RBC to maintain its function, it must maintain the deformability and permeability of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 4

Lipids

Question 5

The loss of RBC membrane is exemplified by the formation of

Answer 5

Spherocytes/bite cells

Question 6

This pathway will produce glutathione reduced glutathione
which is an antioxidant so it will prevent the RBCs from
oxidative injury.

Answer 6

Hexose Monophosphate Shunt

Question 7

This pathway will lead to the production of NADH which will maintain the iron of the hemoglobin to the ferrous state, the functional state of hemoglobin. If ferric, it cannot hold oxygen anymore.

Answer 7

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

Question 8

without it, oxygen delivery will not happen.

Answer 8

2,3 DPG

Question 9

SHIFT TO THE LEFT

Answer 9

Decreased 2,3-DPG
Increased pH
Decreased temperature

Question 10

SHIFT TO THE RIGHT

Answer 10

Increased 2,3-DPG
Decreased pH
Increased temperature

Question 11

is a measure of in vivo RBC survival following transfusion

Answer 11

RBC VIABILITY

Question 12

FDA requires an average 24-hour post transfusion RBC survival

Answer 12

More than 75%

Question 13

Storage time
Acid citrate-dextrose (formula A)*
Citrate-phosphate dextrose
Citrate-phosphate- double- dextrose

Answer 13

21 Days

Question 14

Citrate-phosphate dextrose-adenine storage time

Answer 14

35 days

Question 15

used for apheresis components

Answer 15

ACD-A

Question 16

known anticoagulant, it prevents clotting

Answer 16

Citrate

Question 17

it maintains pH during storage which is necessary for
the maintenance of 2,3-DPG.

Answer 17

Phosphates

Question 18

needed for cellular metabolism.

Answer 18

Dextrose

Question 19

increase the production of ATPs.

Answer 19

Adenine

Question 20

Additive Solutions

Answer 20

● Adsol​ ​(AS-1) ​- developed by Baxter Healthcare
● Nutricel​ ​(AS-3)​ - developed by Pall Corporation
● Optisol​ ​(AS-5) ​- developed by Terumo Corporation
● AS-1 and AS-5
○ Contains​ mannitol (​protects RBC against storage-related homolysis)
● AS-3
○ Contains ​citrate​ (anticoagulant) and ​phosphate​ (neutralize
acidity brought by citrate)

Question 21

Can extend the shelf life of RBC up to ​10 years
● Used for autologous units and storage of ​rare blood types

Answer 21

RBC FREEZING

Question 22

cryoprotective agent

Answer 22

Glycerol - most commonly used

Question 23

Process by which ATP and 2,3 DPG levels are restored or enhanced by metabolic alterations

Answer 23

RBC Rejuvination

Question 24

only FDA approved rejuvenation solution sold in the US and is currently approved for use with CPD, CPDA-1, and CPD/AS-1 RBCs

Answer 24

Rejuvesol

Question 25

Contains ​phosphate​, ​inosine​, ​pyruvate​ and ​adenine

Answer 25

Rejuvesol