RBC BIOLOGY AND PRESERVATION Flashcards
RBC membrane consists of
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
give the RBC membrane its antigenic property
Carbohydrates
are of two kinds
■ Transmembrane- embedded in biphospholipid layer
■ Peripheral- also known as skeletal proteins, are found underneath the cell membrane. Examples are spectrin
and actin.
Proteins
can be in the form of cholesterol and phospholipids.
For the RBC to maintain its function, it must maintain the deformability and permeability of the cytoskeleton.
Lipids
The loss of RBC membrane is exemplified by the formation of
Spherocytes/bite cells
This pathway will produce glutathione reduced glutathione
which is an antioxidant so it will prevent the RBCs from
oxidative injury.
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt
This pathway will lead to the production of NADH which will maintain the iron of the hemoglobin to the ferrous state, the functional state of hemoglobin. If ferric, it cannot hold oxygen anymore.
Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway
without it, oxygen delivery will not happen.
2,3 DPG
SHIFT TO THE LEFT
Decreased 2,3-DPG
Increased pH
Decreased temperature
SHIFT TO THE RIGHT
Increased 2,3-DPG
Decreased pH
Increased temperature
is a measure of in vivo RBC survival following transfusion
RBC VIABILITY
FDA requires an average 24-hour post transfusion RBC survival
More than 75%
Storage time
Acid citrate-dextrose (formula A)*
Citrate-phosphate dextrose
Citrate-phosphate- double- dextrose
21 Days
Citrate-phosphate dextrose-adenine storage time
35 days
used for apheresis components
ACD-A
known anticoagulant, it prevents clotting
Citrate
it maintains pH during storage which is necessary for
the maintenance of 2,3-DPG.
Phosphates
needed for cellular metabolism.
Dextrose
increase the production of ATPs.
Adenine
Additive Solutions
● Adsol (AS-1) - developed by Baxter Healthcare
● Nutricel (AS-3) - developed by Pall Corporation
● Optisol (AS-5) - developed by Terumo Corporation
● AS-1 and AS-5
○ Contains mannitol (protects RBC against storage-related homolysis)
● AS-3
○ Contains citrate (anticoagulant) and phosphate (neutralize
acidity brought by citrate)
Can extend the shelf life of RBC up to 10 years
● Used for autologous units and storage of rare blood types
RBC FREEZING
cryoprotective agent
Glycerol - most commonly used
Process by which ATP and 2,3 DPG levels are restored or enhanced by metabolic alterations
RBC Rejuvination
only FDA approved rejuvenation solution sold in the US and is currently approved for use with CPD, CPDA-1, and CPD/AS-1 RBCs
Rejuvesol
Contains phosphate, inosine, pyruvate and adenine
Rejuvesol
