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Blood Bank - JD > RBC and Platelet Preservation > Flashcards

RBC and Platelet Preservation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the naturally occurring antibodies?

A

anti-a and anti-b

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2
Q

Name the 4 metabolic pathways.

A

EMP
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Hexose Monophosphate Shunt)
Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway
Luebering-Rapaport Shunt Pathway

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3
Q

Which metabolic pathway produces 90-95% of a cell’s energy?

A

EMP

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4
Q

What does the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt do?

A

Protects the cell from oxidative damage

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5
Q

G6PD deficiency affects which metabolic pathway?

A

Pentose Phosphate pathway

Hexose Monophosphate shunt

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6
Q

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for maintaining iron in the ferrous state?

A

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

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7
Q

The Leubering-Rapaport Shunt Pathway regulates

A

2,3-DPG (which in turn regulates oxygen transport)

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8
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin?

A

carry oxygen to the tissues and carry CO2 back to be expelled

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9
Q

What molecules on the RBC surface help maintain the cell’s shape?

A

Antigens

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10
Q

After collection, what needs to be maintained for RBC viability?

A

ion pumps, hemoglobin, and RBC integrity and deformability

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11
Q

How many pints of blood does a normal adult have?

A

10-12 pints

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12
Q

A standard unit of blood contains what volume of blood?

A

450 mL (1 pint)

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13
Q

Low volume units can only be used for

A

Packed RBCs

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14
Q

How many mL of anticoagulant is needed per 1 unit of blood?

A

63 mL

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15
Q

After processing, what is the shelf life for a normal unit of blood?

A

21-24 days

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16
Q

How is RBC viability measured?

A

via the amount of hemolysis that has occured

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17
Q

What percentage of cell survival is needed in order for a unit of blood to be considered viable?

A

75% survival after 24 hours

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18
Q

At what temperature is collected blood stored at?

A

1-6 degrees C

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19
Q

Which factors are decreased during storage lesion (biochemical changes)?

A

pH
glucose consumption
ATP
Na

20
Q

Which factors are increased during storage lesion (biochemical changes)?

A

lactic acid
Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity
K and ammonia

21
Q

What increases hgb-oxygen affinity during storage lesion?

A

decrease in 2,3-DPG

22
Q

Which RBC enhancement additive supports ATP generation by glycolytic pathways?

A

Dextrose

23
Q

Which RBC enhancement additive provides substrate from which ATP can be synthesized?

A

Adenine

24
Q

Which RBC enhancement additive prevents coagulation by chelating calcium?

A

citrate

25
Q

Name additives that enhance RBC survival and function

A

Dextrose, adenine, citrate, phosphate, mannitol

26
Q

Which RBC enhancement additive prevents pH from falling excessively?

A

phosphate

27
Q

Which RBC enhancement additive is a carbohydrate that reduces hemolysis by acting as an osmotic diuretic?

A

Mannitol

28
Q

Name 4 whole blood anticoagulants and preservatives

A

ACD (Acid-citrate-dextrose)
CPD (citrate-phosphate-dextrose)
CP2D (citrate-phosphate-dextrose x2)
CPDA-1 (citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine)

29
Q

How long can whole blood be stored when ACD, CPD, or CP2D are used?

What about CPDA-1?

A

ACD, CPD, CP2D 21 days

CPDA-1 35 days

30
Q

What are the additives for Packed RBCs?

A

AS-1 (Adsol): glucose-adenine-mannitol-sodium chloride
AS-3 (Nutricel): glucose-adenine-phosphate-sodium chloride
AS-5 (Optisol): glucose-adenine-mannitol-sodium chloride

31
Q

What is the storage life of PRBCs when AS-1 (Adsol), AS-3 (Nutricel), or AS-5 (Optisol) are used as additives?

A

42 days

32
Q

What is an autologous donor?

A

An individual who donates blood for themselves before a procedure

33
Q

PIPA solution contains what and is used in which process?

A

Pyruvate, Inosine, Phosphate, Adenine

Used during rejuvenation of RBCs

34
Q

Adding PIPA during the rejuvenation process of RBCs restores…

A

2,3-DPG and ATP

35
Q

RBCs preserved in which solutions can be rejuvenated within 3 days of outdating?

A

CPD, CPDA-1, or AS-1

36
Q

How is RBC rejuvenation performed?

A

Incubate the cells with PIPA solution and then wash the cells before administration.

37
Q

How long after rejuvenation can the RBCs be used?

A

Must be administered within 24 hours

38
Q

How long can RBCs be stored when frozen?

A

10 years

39
Q

Freezing RBCs lowers WBCs/platelets and removes most plasma proteins. Why is this advantageous?

A

Lower WBCs and platelets decreases HLAs

Antibodies are plasma proteins and when removed, won’t cause a transfusion reaction.

40
Q

How old can RBCs be in order to be frozen?

A

less than 6 days

41
Q

Which cryoprotective agent is used when freezing RBCs?

A

glycerol

42
Q

What is the initial temp and storage temp when a high concentration (40% w/v) is used in the freezing procedure?

A

Initial temp: -80 degrees C

Storage temp: -65 degrees C

43
Q

What is the initial temp and storage temp when a low concentration (20% w/v) is used in the freezing procedure?

A

Initial temp: -196 degrees C

Storage temp: -120 degrees C

44
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage to using a low concentration of glycerol when freezing RBCs?

A

Advantage: thaws more rapidly
Disadvantage: more expensive

45
Q

How do you deglycerolize frozen RBCs?

A

Replace the glycerol with decreasing concentrations of saline.

Initial wash: 12% NaCl
2nd wash: 1.6% NaCl
3rd wash: 0.2% dextrose in normal NaCl

Blood Bank - JD (16 decks)

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