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Blood Bank - JD > ABO System > Flashcards

ABO System Flashcards

1
Q

Forward Typing detects

A

antigens

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2
Q

Reverse Typing detects

A

antibodies

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3
Q

Test sample for forward typing

A

RBCs

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4
Q

Test sample for reverse typing

A

serum or plasma

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5
Q

Reagents for forward typing

A

anti-A (blue) and anti-B (yellow)

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6
Q

Reagents for reverse typing

A

A1 and B cells

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7
Q

What is the principle for forward typing?

A

using known antibodies to detect unknown antigens

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8
Q

What is the principle for reverse typing?

A

using known antigens to detect unknown antibodies

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9
Q

The H and Se gene are located on which chromosome?

A

Chromosome 19

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10
Q

Which chromosome are the ABO genes located?

A

Chromosome 9

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11
Q

What gene needs to be expressed in order for the H gene to be expressed?

A

Z gene

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12
Q

Which antigen needs to be expressed in order for A and B antigens to be expressed?

A

H antigen

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13
Q

What happens when an individual doesn’t inherit the H antigen?

A

There will be no antigen expression due to the lack of the H antigen upon which other antigens build on

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14
Q

An individual who types as A will express which antigens?

A

H and A antigens

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15
Q

An individual who types as B will express which antigens?

A

H and B antigens

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16
Q

An individual who types as AB will express which antigens?

A

H, A, and B antigens

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17
Q

An individual who types as O will express which antigens?

A

Only H

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18
Q

Bombay phenotype will type as what?

A

O type

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19
Q

When an individual is homozygous recessive for H, what blood type are they?

A

Bombay

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20
Q

What is the extract from Dolichos biflorus seeds used to make?

A

anti-A1 lectin

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21
Q

A1 and A2 cells can be via…

A

anti-A1 lectin (only binds A1 cells)

22
Q

What is the extract from Ulex europaeus used to make?

A

anti-H lectin

23
Q

Order of ABO antigen reactivity with anti-H lectin

A

O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B

24
Q

Reactivity with anti-H lectin depends on…

A

accessibility to fucose

25
Q

In cases where Bombay type may be suspected, what reagent should be used?

A

anti-H lectin

26
Q

Type 1 paragloboside originate where and have what linkage of galactose to GALNAC?

A

Originates in secretions

Beta-1,3 linkage

27
Q

Type 2 paraglobosides originate where and have what linkage of galactose to GALNAC?

A

Originate on RBS precursors

Beta- 1,4 linkage

28
Q

Which paragloboside do RBC antigens build upon?

A

Type 2

29
Q

Glycolipid coming off of the RBC surface upon which antigens build

A

Type 2 paragloboside

30
Q

What is the order of carbohydrates that compose paraglobosides in order from cell surface out?

A

Glucose-Galactose-GALNAC-Galactose

31
Q

Which carbohydrate is added to the precursor substance to make the H antigen?

A

Fucose

32
Q

Which enzyme and sugar donor are responsible for the transfer of fucose onto the paragloboside?

A

Enzyme: a-L-fucosyltransferase

Sugar Donor: guanine-diphosphate-L-fucose

33
Q

Which carbohydrate is added to the H antigen to make the A antigen?

A

N-acetylgalactosamine (GALNAC)

34
Q

Which enzyme and sugar donor are responsible for the transfer of GALNAC to the H antigen?

A

enzyme: a-3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase
donor: Uridine-diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-galactose

35
Q

Which carbohydrate is added to the H antigen to make the B antigen?

A

D-galactose

36
Q

Which enzyme and sugar donor are responsible for the transfer of D-galactose to the H antigen?

A

enzyme: a-3-D-galactosyl transferase
donor: uridine-diphosphate-galactose

37
Q

How many H structures are there?

A

4

38
Q

Which H structures are capable of producing A1?

A

H1, 2, 3, and 4

39
Q

Which H structures are capable of producing A2?

A

H1 and 2

40
Q

Which subgroup of A cells has more H antigen on RBCs?

A

A2

41
Q

Which A cells express less A antigen on RBCs?

A

A2

42
Q

Approximately, what percentage of the population has secretor cells?

A

78%

43
Q

What does the Se gene control?

A

The presence of ABH antigens in body fluids

44
Q

Secretor status is controlled via a dominant, recessive, or co-dominant allele?

A

Dominant

45
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type O?

A

1st - O
2nd - none
3rd - none

46
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type A?

A

1st - A
2nd - O
3rd - none

47
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type B?

A

1st - B
2nd - O
3rd - none

48
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type AB?

A

1st - AB
2nd - A or B
3rd - O

49
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type A2 with anti-A1?

A

1st - A2
2nd - O
3rd - none

50
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type A2B with anti-A1?

A

1st - A2B
2nd - A2 or B
3rd - O

51
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type Oh?

A

1st - Oh
2nd - none
3rd - none

Blood Bank - JD (16 decks)

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