Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GEN PATH > RBC AND DISORDERS 1 > Flashcards

RBC AND DISORDERS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Factors for normal erythrocyte survival and function

A
  1. RBC membrane
  2. Hemoglobin Structure
  3. Metabolic pathways
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Red Cell Membrane Structure

A

Membrane : Trilaminar structure (dark-light-dark band arrangement of layers)

  1. Outer hydrophilic portion
    - glycolipid, glycoprotein & protein
  2. Central hydrophobic portion
    - protein, cholesterol and phospholipid
  3. Inner hydrophilic portion
    - protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Principal structural element of RBC membrane; plays a major role in the RBC
cytoskeletal membrane organization (membrane integrity)

A

Spectrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Primary determinant of primary mechanical coupling of the lipid bilayer to the 
membrane skeleton (membrane integrity)
A

Ankyrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Promotes the association of spectrin with F-actin in a manner similar to band 4.1

A

Adducin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dual function:
1. Promotes high affinity association between spectrin and F actin
2. Link the skeleton to the membrane by virtue of its associations with glycophorin
and band 3

A

Band 4.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Catalyzes chloride-bicarbinate exchange; contains binding sites for ankyrin, band 4.1,
band 4.2 and several glycolytic enzymes; play a role in recognition and removal of
normal senescent RBCs

A

Band 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Unknown function; deficiency is associated with several hemolytic anemias

A

Band 4.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transport negatively charged sialic acid

A

Glycoporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enzyme that converts protophorphyrin IX and Iron in ferrous form to Heme

A

Ferrochelatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

• Occurs in the cytoplasm of the normoblast and reticulocyte
- Polypeptide chains are manufactured in the ribosomes
- Made through transcription of the genetic code to messenger RNA and
translation of mRNA to the globin polypeptide chain

A

Globin Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Six structural genes control the synthesis of globin chains:

A
  • Chromosome 16 : α, ζ

- Chromosome 11 : γ, β, δ, ε

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synthesis is stimulated by tissue hypoxia (decreased Oxygen)

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hemoglobin Reference

  • Men
  • Women
  • Newborn
A

Men: 14-18 g/dL
Women: 12-15g/dL
Newborn: 16.5 - 21.5 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

– glycoprotein that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of erythrocytes
– produced primarily in the kidney; also liver
– responds to hypoxia

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rate Key rate limiting enzyme of Heme

A

α-Aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

+ Production is regulated by the rate at which DNA is transcribed tomRNA
+ Amount of the specific globin synthesized = to the content of their individual globin mRNAS
- α-Chain contains 141 amino acids
- β-Chain contains 146 amino acids

A

globin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functions:
1. Binds oxygen readily in the lung and transport it to the peripheral tissues.
– 1 Hemoglobin molecule carry up to 4 Oxygen molecule
– 1.34 ml O2 is bound to each gram of Hemoglobin
– Red cell mass of adult contain approximately 600 grams of hemoglobin, capable of carrying 800 ml of O2
2. Transport of carbon dioxide from the peripheral tissues to the lung for excretion.

A

Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

A

Anaerobic Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Hexose monophosphate shunt
  • Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway
  • Rapaport-Leubering Pathway
A

Glycolysis Diversion Pathways (Shunts)

21
Q
  • Reduction of oxidized form of glutathione and detoxifies accumulated peroxide
  • Methemoglobin reducing capacity within the red cell
  • Generates 2,3 Biphophoglycerate/ 2,3 diphosphoglycerate which regulates oxygen
    release
A
  • Hexose Monophosphate shunt/Pentose Phospate Pathway
  • Methemoglobin Reductase pathway
  • Rapoport Leubering Pathway
22
Q

QUALITATIVE ERYTHROCYTES DISORDERS Parameters:

A
  1. Degree of Hemoglobinization – Hypochromia
  2. Anisocytosis
  3. Polychromasia
  4. Poikilocytosis
  5. Red Blood Cell Inclusions
  6. Red Blood Cell Indices
23
Q
  • “low color”. When an RBC contains a control area which is greater than 1/3 (>3 um) the diameter of the cell.
  • decreased surface-to-volume ratio; decreased or absent central pallor
A
  • Hypochromia

- Hyperchromia

24
Q
  • Measures red cell immaturity

- Correlates with reticulocyte count (%)

A

Polychromasia

25
Q 
Normal red cell immaturity: RBC/10hpf and %Retic
Normal:
Slight:
Moderate:
Marked:
A 
RBC/10hpf
Normal: 0-1
Slight: 1-3
Moderate: 4-6
Marked: >6
%Retic
Normal: 1-2%
Slight: 2-4%
Moderate: 4-6 %
Marked: >6%
26
Q

Type fo Poikilocyte:

  • 3-12 pointed projections ofvarious lengthand irregular spacing
  • intensely stained
  • Spur cells, thorn cells
A

Acanthocyte

27
Q

Type fo Poikilocyte:

  • Contains one or more vacuoles that resembles a blister on the skin
  • Seen in Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias
A

Blister Cell

28
Q

Type of Piokilocytes:

  • 10-30 pointed RBC projections evenly distributedaround the cell
  • Burr Crenated cells
  • Seen in Uremias, Enzyme deficiencies, Post -splenectomy patients
A

Echinocytes

29
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Narrow & elongated, resembling rod or cigar. Pencil cell. seen in Hereditery Elliptocytosis
  • Oval or egg - like in appearance
A
  • Elliptocyte

- Ovalocytes

30
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Fragment in which the volume is close to normal
  • Helmet cell, horned cell
  • Seen in G6PD deficiency and Pulmonary emboli
A

Keratocyte

31
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Narrow band of cell hemoglobin acrossthe center of the cell
  • pinch bottle cell
A

Knizocyte

32
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Fragment in which the volume is reduced
  • Schizocyte
  • Seen in Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias(DIC, TTP, HUS) Severe Burns, Prosthetic Valves and Clostridial Infection
A

Schistocyte

33
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Crescent-shaped with at least one end that is pointed
  • Drepanocyte
  • Seen in Sickle Cell Anemia and Hemoglobin C
A

Sickle cell

34
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Any cell with projections
  • Seen in post-Splenectomy patients, Uremias and Myelofibrosis
A

Spiculated RBC

35
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Compact and round; has lost its area of central pallor; stains intensely
  • Seen in Hereditary Spherocytosis , Hemolytic Anemias and post-transfusion
A

Spherocyte

36
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

- central slit-like opening resembling na mouth

A

Stomatocyte

37
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Contains a central bull’s eye surrounded by a clean ring and then outer red ring
  • Codocyte
  • Seen in Thalassemia, Liver Disease, Hb SC Disease, Hemoglobin C and Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency, Iron Deficiency Anemia and Post-splenectomy patients
A

Target cell

38
Q

Type of Poikilocytes

  • Resembles a tear has one elongated end
  • Dacrocyte
  • Seen in Myelofibrosis
A

Teardrop cell

39
Q

Type of Erythrocyte Inclusion

  • single, occasionally, double, rarely multiple red purple coccoid bodies
  • DNA, nuclear or chromosomal remnant composition
  • Seen in Megaloblastic Anemia and Hyposplenism
A

Howell-Jolly

40
Q

Type of Erythrocyte Inclusion

  • Non - heme Iron
  • Clusters of small blue coccoid bodiesl ocated at the periphery of the cell
  • Seen in Sideroblastic Anemia and Hemolytic Anemias
A

Pappenheimer

41
Q

Type of Erythrocyte Inclusion
- multiple, uniform dark, dots distributed evenly throughout the cell
- Altered RNA
- Seen in Lead and Heavy Metal Poisoning, After treatment for Iron deficiency and
Megaloblastic Anemias

A

Basophilic Stippling

42
Q

Type of Erythrocyte Inclusion

  • Mitotic spindle remnant
  • Red-purple ring at the periphery periphery of the cell; may be in the term of a figure 8
  • Seen in Hyposplenism and Anemias
A

Cabot ring

43
Q

Type of Erythrocyte Inclusion

  • Invisible Denatured/ Body
  • Green when stained with brilliant green
  • Denatured/Precipitated hemoglobin
  • Seen In G6PD Deficiency and other Hemolytic Anemias
A

Heinz-Erlich Body

44
Q

Formula for Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) f1

A

Hematocrit x 10
_______________

      RBC
45
Q

Formula for Mean cell Hemoglobin (MCH) pg

A

Hemoglobin x 10
_________________
RBC

46
Q

Formula for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) mg/dl

A

Hb x 100
________

 Hct
47
Q

– Measures the degree of anisocytosis
– Coefficient of variation of red blood cell volume
– obtained from histogram
– normally: 11.5-14.5

A

Red cell distribution Width (RWD)

48
Q
  • Pseudoagglutination doe to the tendency of RBCs to lie with an overlapping edges “Pile of coins”
  • Seen in patients with hyperproteinemias – Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemias
A

Rouleaux Formation

49
Q

Irregular red cell aggregates

A

Hemagglutination

GEN PATH (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions