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GIT BLOCK EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

This type of stool is NOT included among the most common symptoms of a pathogenic bacterial GIT
Infection:

  • None of the above
  • fatty stool
  • prolonged diarrhea
  • bloody diarrhea
  • mucoid stool
A

fatty stool

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2
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by a common bacteria in stool, Escherichia coli, is most frequently seen in the following population EXCEPT:

  • pregnant women
  • none of the above
  • children
  • immunocompromised
  • elderly
A

NONE

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3
Q

The following are the strict rules when requesting Stool Exam for your patients EXCEPT:

  • specimen must be sent to the lab within one hour
  • stool sample should be collected during chronic phase of diarrhea
  • contamination with urine should be avoided
  • All of the above
  • a clean, wide neck container should be used
A

stool sample should be collected during chronic phase of diarrhea

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4
Q

Though, together with other known normal flora, an increase in the population of this organism may still lead to diarrhea.

A

Clostridium difficile

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5
Q

The following are the instructions you should give your patient for stool examination, EXCEPT?

  • Stool sample should be collected in acute phase of diarrhea.
  • Specimen must be sent to the lab within 30min.
  • Stool sample may be collected from the sides of the toilet bowl
  • Contamination with urine should be avoided,
  • A clean, wide neck container should be used.
  • none of the above
A

Stool sample may be collected from the sides of the toilet bowl

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6
Q

This is NOT among the most common symptoms of a pathogenic GIT bacterial infection:

  • fat globules in stool
  • mucus in the stool,
  • none of the above
  • bloody diarrhea,
  • prolonged diarrhea,
  • abdominal pain and cramping
A

fat globules in stool

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7
Q

Complications of diarrhea EXCEPT:

  • light-headedness
  • edema
  • dehydration
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • All of the above
  • fatigue
A

edema

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8
Q

Which is NOT CORRECT regarding Pancreatic Carcinoma?

  • Tumor markers used are serum Carcinoembryonic and CA19-9antigens
  • highly early invasiveness
  • 60% are in pancreatic body
  • may manifest Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndrome)
  • None of the above
A

60% are in pancreatic body

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9
Q

Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: worm infestation

A

saline

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10
Q

Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: suspected Salmonella and Shigella

A

tetrathionate broth

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11
Q

Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: Vibrio cholera

A

alkaline peptone water

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12
Q

Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: virus

A

phosphate buffer

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13
Q

Diagnose these STOOL COLORs: Red

A

Can indicate bleeding of the lower digestive tract or rectum

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14
Q

DIAGNOSE THESE ORAL LESION FINDINGS: red, velvety, flat or slightly depressed tongue lesion

A

Erythroplakia

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15
Q

IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Herpes Labialis

A

Herpes simplex virus -1 (HSV -1)

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16
Q

IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity & Esophagus

A

Human papillomavirus -16 (HPV-16)

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17
Q

IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Sialadenitis of parotids

A

Mumps virus

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18
Q

IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Chronic Gastritis

A

Helicobacter pylori

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19
Q

IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Esophagitis with endothelial cell inclusions

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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20
Q

DIFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: the tooth apex resulting from long-standing
pulpitis

A

Periapical cyst

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21
Q

IFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: typically located within posterior mandible

A

Odontogenic Keratocysts

22
Q

DIFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: originates around the crown of impacted wisdom tooth

A

Dentigerous cyst

23
Q

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: narrowing by fibrous thickening of
submucosa & secondary epithelial damage

A

Stenosis

24
Q

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: abnormal connection between
esophageal pouches to bronchus or trachea

A

Fistula

25
Q

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: thin, non canalized cord at the tracheal bifurcation

A

Atresia

26
Q

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: Esophageal dysmotility in failure of
neural innervation

A

Achalasia

27
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: critically ill patients with shock,
sepsis, or severe trauma

A

Stress ulcers

28
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: in proximal duodenum associated
with severe burns or trauma

A

Curling ulcers

29
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: in stomach, duodenum, or
esophagus of persons with intracranial disease

A

Cushing ulcers

30
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: at anastomotic site following partial
gastrectomy

A

Marginal ulcers

31
Q

SITES OF LYMPH NODE METASTASES: upper third of esophagus

A

cervical lymph nodes

32
Q

SITES OF LYMPH NODE METASTASES: middle third

A

mediastinal, paratracheal, & tracheobronchial nodes

33
Q

Causes of Mechanical Bowel Obstruction: Intussusception

A

Intramural

34
Q

State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Lynch syndrome

  • multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
  • familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin.
  • All of the above
  • teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps
  • rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall
A

ALL

35
Q

State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

  • none of the above
  • familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin.
  • teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps
  • multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
  • rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall.
A

multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation

36
Q

State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

  • teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps
  • familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin.
  • rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall.
  • none of the above
  • multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
A

teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps

37
Q

Colonic Polyps: Inflammatory Polyps

A

reactive Polyp

38
Q

Colonic Polyps: Juvenile Polyps

A

solitary, pedunculated, dilated glands filled with mucin

39
Q

Colonic Polyps: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Polyp

A

multiple large, polyp w/ arborizing connective tissue

40
Q

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Dunphy sign

  • RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip
  • deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine
  • RLQ pain on voluntary cough
  • RLQ pain with flexion & extension of the right hip
  • RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing
A

LQ pain on voluntary cough

41
Q

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Markle sign

  • All of the above
  • RLQ pain on voluntary cough
  • RLQ pain with flexion & extension of the right hip
  • deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine
  • RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip
  • RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing
A

RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing

42
Q

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: McBurney’s sign

A

deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine

43
Q

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Psoas sign

A

RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip

44
Q

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Agenesis

A

pancreas totally absent

45
Q

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Pancreas Divisum

  • unilocular space containing clear serous fluid
  • a ring of pancreatic tissue completely encircles the duodenum
  • normal pancreatic tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum
  • pancreas totally absent
  • fetal pancreatic primordial ducts fail to fuse
  • none of the above
A

fetal pancreatic primordial ducts fail to fuse

46
Q

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Annular Pancreas

A

a ring of pancreatic tissue completely encircles the duodenum

47
Q

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Ectopic Pancreas

A

normal pancreatic tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum

48
Q

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Congenital Cysts

A

unilocular space containing clear serous fluid

49
Q

Identify the Type of Hernia as to Pathogenesis: Indirect Inguinal Hernia

A

failure of deep inguinal ring to close during embryogenesis

50
Q

Identify the Type of Hernia as to Pathogenesis: Umbilical hernia

A

can affect adults, due to repeated abdominal strain

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