GIT BLOCK EXAM Flashcards by Aserah Blank

This type of stool is NOT included among the most common symptoms of a pathogenic bacterial GIT
Infection:

None of the above
fatty stool
prolonged diarrhea
bloody diarrhea
mucoid stool

fatty stool

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Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by a common bacteria in stool, Escherichia coli, is most frequently seen in the following population EXCEPT:

pregnant women
none of the above
children
immunocompromised
elderly

NONE

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The following are the strict rules when requesting Stool Exam for your patients EXCEPT:

specimen must be sent to the lab within one hour
stool sample should be collected during chronic phase of diarrhea
contamination with urine should be avoided
All of the above
a clean, wide neck container should be used

stool sample should be collected during chronic phase of diarrhea

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Though, together with other known normal flora, an increase in the population of this organism may still lead to diarrhea.

Clostridium difficile

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The following are the instructions you should give your patient for stool examination, EXCEPT?

Stool sample should be collected in acute phase of diarrhea.
Specimen must be sent to the lab within 30min.
Stool sample may be collected from the sides of the toilet bowl
Contamination with urine should be avoided,
A clean, wide neck container should be used.
none of the above

Stool sample may be collected from the sides of the toilet bowl

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This is NOT among the most common symptoms of a pathogenic GIT bacterial infection:

fat globules in stool
mucus in the stool,
none of the above
bloody diarrhea,
prolonged diarrhea,
abdominal pain and cramping

fat globules in stool

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Complications of diarrhea EXCEPT:

light-headedness
edema
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
All of the above
fatigue

edema

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Which is NOT CORRECT regarding Pancreatic Carcinoma?

Tumor markers used are serum Carcinoembryonic and CA19-9antigens
highly early invasiveness
60% are in pancreatic body
may manifest Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndrome)
None of the above

60% are in pancreatic body

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Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: worm infestation

saline

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Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: suspected Salmonella and Shigella

tetrathionate broth

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Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: Vibrio cholera

alkaline peptone water

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Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: virus

phosphate buffer

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Diagnose these STOOL COLORs: Red

Can indicate bleeding of the lower digestive tract or rectum

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DIAGNOSE THESE ORAL LESION FINDINGS: red, velvety, flat or slightly depressed tongue lesion

Erythroplakia

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IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Herpes Labialis

Herpes simplex virus -1 (HSV -1)

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IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity & Esophagus

Human papillomavirus -16 (HPV-16)

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IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Sialadenitis of parotids

Mumps virus

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IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Chronic Gastritis

Helicobacter pylori

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IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Esophagitis with endothelial cell inclusions

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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DIFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: the tooth apex resulting from long-standing
pulpitis

Periapical cyst

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IFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: typically located within posterior mandible

Odontogenic Keratocysts

DIFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: originates around the crown of impacted wisdom tooth

Dentigerous cyst

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: narrowing by fibrous thickening of
submucosa & secondary epithelial damage

Stenosis

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: abnormal connection between
esophageal pouches to bronchus or trachea

Fistula

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: thin, non canalized cord at the tracheal bifurcation

Atresia

DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: Esophageal dysmotility in failure of neural innervation

Achalasia

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: critically ill patients with shock, sepsis, or severe trauma

Stress ulcers

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: in proximal duodenum associated with severe burns or trauma

Curling ulcers

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: in stomach, duodenum, or esophagus of persons with intracranial disease

Cushing ulcers

IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: at anastomotic site following partial gastrectomy

Marginal ulcers

SITES OF LYMPH NODE METASTASES: upper third of esophagus

cervical lymph nodes

SITES OF LYMPH NODE METASTASES: middle third

mediastinal, paratracheal, & tracheobronchial nodes

Causes of Mechanical Bowel Obstruction: Intussusception

Intramural

State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Lynch syndrome * multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation * familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin. * All of the above * teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps * rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall

ALL

State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome * none of the above * familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin. * teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps * multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation * rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall.

multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation

State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis * teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps * familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin. * rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall. * none of the above * multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation

teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps

Colonic Polyps: Inflammatory Polyps

reactive Polyp

Colonic Polyps: Juvenile Polyps

solitary, pedunculated, dilated glands filled with mucin

Colonic Polyps: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Polyp

multiple large, polyp w/ arborizing connective tissue

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Dunphy sign * RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip * deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine * RLQ pain on voluntary cough * RLQ pain with flexion & extension of the right hip * RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing

LQ pain on voluntary cough

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Markle sign * All of the above * RLQ pain on voluntary cough * RLQ pain with flexion & extension of the right hip * deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine * RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip * RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing

RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: McBurney’s sign

deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine

Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Psoas sign

RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Agenesis

pancreas totally absent

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Pancreas Divisum * unilocular space containing clear serous fluid * a ring of pancreatic tissue completely encircles the duodenum * normal pancreatic tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum * pancreas totally absent * fetal pancreatic primordial ducts fail to fuse * none of the above

fetal pancreatic primordial ducts fail to fuse

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Annular Pancreas

a ring of pancreatic tissue completely encircles the duodenum

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Ectopic Pancreas

normal pancreatic tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum

Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Congenital Cysts

unilocular space containing clear serous fluid

Identify the Type of Hernia as to Pathogenesis: Indirect Inguinal Hernia

failure of deep inguinal ring to close during embryogenesis

Identify the Type of Hernia as to Pathogenesis: Umbilical hernia

can affect adults, due to repeated abdominal strain