GIT BLOCK EXAM Flashcards
This type of stool is NOT included among the most common symptoms of a pathogenic bacterial GIT
Infection:
- None of the above
- fatty stool
- prolonged diarrhea
- bloody diarrhea
- mucoid stool
fatty stool
Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by a common bacteria in stool, Escherichia coli, is most frequently seen in the following population EXCEPT:
- pregnant women
- none of the above
- children
- immunocompromised
- elderly
NONE
The following are the strict rules when requesting Stool Exam for your patients EXCEPT:
- specimen must be sent to the lab within one hour
- stool sample should be collected during chronic phase of diarrhea
- contamination with urine should be avoided
- All of the above
- a clean, wide neck container should be used
stool sample should be collected during chronic phase of diarrhea
Though, together with other known normal flora, an increase in the population of this organism may still lead to diarrhea.
Clostridium difficile
The following are the instructions you should give your patient for stool examination, EXCEPT?
- Stool sample should be collected in acute phase of diarrhea.
- Specimen must be sent to the lab within 30min.
- Stool sample may be collected from the sides of the toilet bowl
- Contamination with urine should be avoided,
- A clean, wide neck container should be used.
- none of the above
Stool sample may be collected from the sides of the toilet bowl
This is NOT among the most common symptoms of a pathogenic GIT bacterial infection:
- fat globules in stool
- mucus in the stool,
- none of the above
- bloody diarrhea,
- prolonged diarrhea,
- abdominal pain and cramping
fat globules in stool
Complications of diarrhea EXCEPT:
- light-headedness
- edema
- dehydration
- electrolyte imbalance
- All of the above
- fatigue
edema
Which is NOT CORRECT regarding Pancreatic Carcinoma?
- Tumor markers used are serum Carcinoembryonic and CA19-9antigens
- highly early invasiveness
- 60% are in pancreatic body
- may manifest Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndrome)
- None of the above
60% are in pancreatic body
Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: worm infestation
saline
Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: suspected Salmonella and Shigella
tetrathionate broth
Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: Vibrio cholera
alkaline peptone water
Transport Medium of Choice for Stool samples: virus
phosphate buffer
Diagnose these STOOL COLORs: Red
Can indicate bleeding of the lower digestive tract or rectum
DIAGNOSE THESE ORAL LESION FINDINGS: red, velvety, flat or slightly depressed tongue lesion
Erythroplakia
IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Herpes Labialis
Herpes simplex virus -1 (HSV -1)
IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity & Esophagus
Human papillomavirus -16 (HPV-16)
IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Sialadenitis of parotids
Mumps virus
IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Chronic Gastritis
Helicobacter pylori
IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATED CAUSATIVE ORGANISM FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDER:
Esophagitis with endothelial cell inclusions
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
DIFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: the tooth apex resulting from long-standing
pulpitis
Periapical cyst
IFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: typically located within posterior mandible
Odontogenic Keratocysts
DIFFERENTIATE THE TYPES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: originates around the crown of impacted wisdom tooth
Dentigerous cyst
DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: narrowing by fibrous thickening of
submucosa & secondary epithelial damage
Stenosis
DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: abnormal connection between
esophageal pouches to bronchus or trachea
Fistula
DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: thin, non canalized cord at the tracheal bifurcation
Atresia
DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION: Esophageal dysmotility in failure of
neural innervation
Achalasia
IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: critically ill patients with shock,
sepsis, or severe trauma
Stress ulcers
IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: in proximal duodenum associated
with severe burns or trauma
Curling ulcers
IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: in stomach, duodenum, or
esophagus of persons with intracranial disease
Cushing ulcers
IDENTIFY THE TYPE & INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCERATION: at anastomotic site following partial
gastrectomy
Marginal ulcers
SITES OF LYMPH NODE METASTASES: upper third of esophagus
cervical lymph nodes
SITES OF LYMPH NODE METASTASES: middle third
mediastinal, paratracheal, & tracheobronchial nodes
Causes of Mechanical Bowel Obstruction: Intussusception
Intramural
State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Lynch syndrome
- multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
- familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin.
- All of the above
- teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps
- rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall
ALL
State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- none of the above
- familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin.
- teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps
- multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
- rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall.
multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
State the Pathological Findings of the following conditions: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
- teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps
- familial clustering of cancers at several sites including colorectum, endometrium, ureters, brain, and skin.
- rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and reactive inflammatory polyp of the anterior rectal wall.
- none of the above
- multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
teenage 100 polyps to several thousand polyps
Colonic Polyps: Inflammatory Polyps
reactive Polyp
Colonic Polyps: Juvenile Polyps
solitary, pedunculated, dilated glands filled with mucin
Colonic Polyps: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Polyp
multiple large, polyp w/ arborizing connective tissue
Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Dunphy sign
- RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip
- deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine
- RLQ pain on voluntary cough
- RLQ pain with flexion & extension of the right hip
- RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing
LQ pain on voluntary cough
Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Markle sign
- All of the above
- RLQ pain on voluntary cough
- RLQ pain with flexion & extension of the right hip
- deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine
- RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip
- RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing
RLQ pain on jarring motion while standing landing
Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: McBurney’s sign
deep tenderness at 2/3 of imaginary line from umbilicus to right anterior superior iliac spine
Describe how should a Physician illicit the following signs of appendicitis from the patient: Psoas sign
RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed right hip
Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Agenesis
pancreas totally absent
Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Pancreas Divisum
- unilocular space containing clear serous fluid
- a ring of pancreatic tissue completely encircles the duodenum
- normal pancreatic tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum
- pancreas totally absent
- fetal pancreatic primordial ducts fail to fuse
- none of the above
fetal pancreatic primordial ducts fail to fuse
Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Annular Pancreas
a ring of pancreatic tissue completely encircles the duodenum
Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Ectopic Pancreas
normal pancreatic tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum
Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas: Congenital Cysts
unilocular space containing clear serous fluid
Identify the Type of Hernia as to Pathogenesis: Indirect Inguinal Hernia
failure of deep inguinal ring to close during embryogenesis
Identify the Type of Hernia as to Pathogenesis: Umbilical hernia
can affect adults, due to repeated abdominal strain