RBC Flashcards
haemopoeisis
creation of new blood cells
poeisis
creation - poets are creative
where are haemopoeitc stem cells found
bone marrow
why do blood cells come from bone marrow
that is where haemopoetic stem cells are found
characteristics of stem cells
self renewal
ability to differentiate
what 2 lines can haemapoetic stem cells differentiate into
myeloid or lymphoid
what is the lymphoid line
when HSC produces leukocytes
what is the myeloid line
when HSC produces the rest - granulocytes, erythrocytes, platelets GEP
progenitor meaning
precursor/ancestor
HSC abbreviation
haematopoeitic stem cell
myeloid meaning
relating to bone marrow
lymphoid meaning
realting to lymphocytes
main lymphoid lin specialised cell
lymphovyte
main main myeloid line specialised cell
erythrocyte
NEUTROPHIL
phagocytosis
monocyte
phagocytosis ( mono = cool ), and presents antigens
eosinophil
kill parasites (ew)
platelet
haematostasis
creation of new rbc
erythropeoisis
what is needed for erythropoeisis
Iron and vitB
hypoxia
too low O2 conc in blood
hyperoxia
to high O2 conc in blood
FOLATE
SYNONYM FOR vit b
ferrous iron
Fe2+
ferric iron
fe3+ ( 3 other people live with Ricky more)
why does iron intake need to be controlled
IS TOXIC and cannot be excreted
difference in absorbtion between ferrous and ferric iron
ferrous iron is more easily absorbed than ferric iron
what happens to ferric iron before absorption
reduction to form ferrous iron so that it can be more easily absorbed
enterocyte
cell in the epithelium of the SI
ferroportin
a membrane protein which moves iron out of the cell
what is the opposite of ferroportin
hepcidin
hepcidin
blocks absorption of iron by blocking ferroportin
where is fit b found
oysters, kidney
how to absorb vit B
VitB+IntrinsicFactor = VitBIF cross the SI membrane
why is VitB important
erythropoeitis and DNA synthesis
pathway to make DNA from VitB
VitB - nitrogenous base - deoxinucleoditde tri phosphate - DNA
2 causes of vita B def
insufficient iron intake
poor iron absorbtion
what is RBC broken down into at start?
globulin and haem
hypochromia
little colour
polychromasia
many colours
reticulocytes
immature RBC - are RETards
Iron regulation pathway
low iron - ferroportin. - high fe - hepcidin - repeat
what does VitB look like
nitrogenous base
what is an intrinsic factor
glycoprotein produced by stomach cells to help absorption
what is globulin broken down into in RBC met pathway?
amino acids
what is haem group broken down into in RBC met pathway?
bilirubin
where does bilirubin enter in RBC pathway
liver
what is bilirubin responsible for
brown poo
what happens to Fe in RBC breakdown?
returned to bone marrow for more erythropoeitisis
anisocytosis
anillos have to be different shape
poikilocytosis
like polka dots
different shaped cells
what is intrinsic factor
glycoprotein produced by stomach cells to absorb vit B
what is sickle cell disease
cells are moon (crescent) shaped instead of donut (biconcave) shaped
what happens in sickle cell disease
mutation in gene for globulin protein
globulin protein becomes uncharged instead of charged
HbS is less soluble in deoxygenated form than HbA
HBS gets stuck in small blood vessels so not enough O2 can be transported around
why is HbS less soluble than HbA in deoxygenated form
looses its charge on an AA residue
HbS
mutated form of HbA (normal haemoglobin)
reference range
range of values where data normally lies
how many copies of faulty beta globulin gene do you need for sickle cell
2 because a recessive disorder
factors affecting blood reading
altitude, age, ethnicity, gender, nutrition
basic haematopoeitic lines
HSC –> myeloid or lymphoid progenitors—> specialised
where do both progenitor cells come from
BM
ferroportin role
in enterocytes so that any absorbed ferrous iron is transported into the bloodstream
anemia
don’t have enough ((working)) haemoglobin per blood volume
causes to cytosis/penia in myeloid progenitor line
matches to function of cell
neutrophyllia
NicePret
basophyllia
allergic reaction
oesinophyllia
parasites
