Rates Of Reaction Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is kinetics?
The study of a reactions process over a period of time. Practical applications include corrosion, food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, explosions. Etc.
What is a rate of reaction?
The amount of time required for a chemical reaction to come to completion.
What is rate?
Used as a synonym for speed. Rates of chemical change are usually expressed as the amount of reactant forming products per unit of time.
What is rate of consumption?
Change in reactant concentration/ time
What is rate of formation?
Change in product concentration / time
What is rate measured in?
Mol/ L . Sec
What does a negative rate indicate?
Reactants used up
What does a positive rate indicate?
Products being made
How do you calculate average rate?
Find the slope of a secant.
What is instantaneous rate? How do you calculate it?
Reaction rate at a particular point in time.
Find the slope on the tangent line.
What is the calculus method to find instantaneous rate?
The rate of change of a function can be determined at a single point by taking the first derivative of the function.
To find the slope of the tangent…
- Y prime = exponent X ax to the power of n-1
What are factors affecting rate of reaction?
Concentration, temperature, surface area, catalyst, pressure, phase
How do you calculate rate?
of reactants converted to products / time
What is beers law?
Relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling.
What is collision theory?
In order for a reaction to occur, reactant molecules must collide in order to form products. The collisions must be frequent and the effective.
What does it mean for a collision to be effective?
The particles must collide with correct orientations, and the must have sufficient energy.
What is activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy that the reactants must have in order to react and form products.
What is an activated complex?
During a reaction, a particle that is neither reactant nor product forms momentarily. It is a transition on molecule. Molecules may only reach the activated complex if there is sufficient energy, and correct orientation.
What affect does temperature have on the rate of a reaction?
Increase KE, increase collisions, increase rate
What affect does concentration have on the rate of a reaction?
Increase reactant particles/decrease volume, increase collisions, increase rate
What affect does pressure have on the rate of a reaction?
Increase concentration, increase number if collisions, increase rate
What affect does surface area have on the rate of a reaction?
Decrease particle size, increase surface area, increase collisions, increase rate.
What affect does a catalyst have on the rate of a reaction?
Increase the rate by providing a lower energy pathway without being consumed in the process.
What is rate law?
A mathematical expression that enable us to see how altering the concentration of reactants effects the overall rate of the reaction. We use experimental data to determine the mathematical relationship.
