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Chemistry 12 > Rates Of Reaction > Flashcards

Rates Of Reaction Flashcards

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0
Q

What is kinetics?

A

The study of a reactions process over a period of time. Practical applications include corrosion, food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, explosions. Etc.

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1
Q

What is a rate of reaction?

A

The amount of time required for a chemical reaction to come to completion.

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2
Q

What is rate?

A

Used as a synonym for speed. Rates of chemical change are usually expressed as the amount of reactant forming products per unit of time.

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3
Q

What is rate of consumption?

A

Change in reactant concentration/ time

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4
Q

What is rate of formation?

A

Change in product concentration / time

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5
Q

What is rate measured in?

A

Mol/ L . Sec

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6
Q

What does a negative rate indicate?

A

Reactants used up

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7
Q

What does a positive rate indicate?

A

Products being made

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8
Q

How do you calculate average rate?

A

Find the slope of a secant.

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9
Q

What is instantaneous rate? How do you calculate it?

A

Reaction rate at a particular point in time.

Find the slope on the tangent line.

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10
Q

What is the calculus method to find instantaneous rate?

A

The rate of change of a function can be determined at a single point by taking the first derivative of the function.
To find the slope of the tangent…
- Y prime = exponent X ax to the power of n-1

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11
Q

What are factors affecting rate of reaction?

A

Concentration, temperature, surface area, catalyst, pressure, phase

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12
Q

How do you calculate rate?

A

of reactants converted to products / time

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13
Q

What is beers law?

A

Relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling.

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14
Q

What is collision theory?

A

In order for a reaction to occur, reactant molecules must collide in order to form products. The collisions must be frequent and the effective.

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15
Q

What does it mean for a collision to be effective?

A

The particles must collide with correct orientations, and the must have sufficient energy.

16
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy that the reactants must have in order to react and form products.

17
Q

What is an activated complex?

A

During a reaction, a particle that is neither reactant nor product forms momentarily. It is a transition on molecule. Molecules may only reach the activated complex if there is sufficient energy, and correct orientation.

18
Q

What affect does temperature have on the rate of a reaction?

A

Increase KE, increase collisions, increase rate

19
Q

What affect does concentration have on the rate of a reaction?

A

Increase reactant particles/decrease volume, increase collisions, increase rate

20
Q

What affect does pressure have on the rate of a reaction?

A

Increase concentration, increase number if collisions, increase rate

21
Q

What affect does surface area have on the rate of a reaction?

A

Decrease particle size, increase surface area, increase collisions, increase rate.

22
Q

What affect does a catalyst have on the rate of a reaction?

A

Increase the rate by providing a lower energy pathway without being consumed in the process.

23
Q

What is rate law?

A

A mathematical expression that enable us to see how altering the concentration of reactants effects the overall rate of the reaction. We use experimental data to determine the mathematical relationship.

24
Q

What does k represent in the rate law?

A

Rate law constant

25
Q

What is a reaction mechanism?

A

A series of elementary steps that makes up an overall reaction.

26
Q

What is an elementary step?

A

A step in a reaction mechanism that only involves one-, two-, three- particle collisions.

27
Q

What is the rate determining step?

A

The slowest step in a reaction mechanism.

28
Q

What a rate intermediates?

A

Molecules formed as short lived products in reaction mechanisms. They are produced in one reaction and consumed in another.

Chemistry 12 (6 decks)

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