Rate-determining Enzymes

Question 1

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 1

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Regulators: ATP, Acetyl-CoA

Question 2

TCA cycle

Answer 2

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Regulators: ADP

Question 3

Glycogenesis

Answer 3

Glycogen synthase

Regulators: Glucose-6-phosphate, Insulin, Cortisol

Question 4

Glycogenolysis

Answer 4

Glycogen phosphorylase

Regulators: Epinephrine, Glucagon, AMP

Question 5

HMP Shunt

Answer 5

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

Regulators: NADP+

Question 6

De novo pyrimidine synthesis

Answer 6

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

Question 7

De novo purine synthesis

Answer 7

Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase

Question 8

Urea cycle

Answer 8

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Regulators: N-acetylglutamate

Question 9

Fatty acid synthesis

Answer 9

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Question 10

Ketogenesis

Answer 10

HMG-CoA synthase

Question 11

Cholesterol synthesis

Answer 11

HMG-CoA reductase

Regulators: Insulin, Thyroxine

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Regulators: AMP, Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 13

Fatty acid oxidation

Answer 13

Carnitine acyltransferase I