Rashes Of Childhood

Question 1

Oval shaped vesicles on palms and soles. Vesicles and ulcers in oral mucosa.

Answer 1

Coxsackievirus type A: hand-foot-mouth disease

Question 2

Vesicular rash begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different ages.

Answer 2

VZV

Question 3

Asymptomatic rose-colored macules appear on body after several days of high fever; can present with febrile seizures; usually affects infants.

Answer 3

HHV-6: Roseola (Exanthem subitum)

Question 4

Erythematous, sand paper like rash with fever and sore throat.

Answer 4

Streptococcus pyogenes- Scarlet Fever

Question 5

Beginning at head and moving down, rash is preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa.

Answer 5

Measles (rubeola)

Question 6

Pink coalescing macules begin at head/fave and move down involving the trunk–> fine desquamating truncal rash; postauricular lymphadenopathy. Forchheimer spots on the soft palate. “blueberry muffin” appearance due to extra medullary hematopoiesis. Part of ToRCHeS infections.

Answer 6

Rubella

Question 7

Slapped cheek rash on face (can cause hydrops fetal is in pregnant women, and aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients).

Answer 7

Parvovirus- B19 (Erythema Infectiosum) fifth disease

Question 8

Small oval yeast within macrophages.

Answer 8

Histoplasma

Question 9

Capsule (India ink stain)

Answer 9

Cryptococcus

Question 10

Spherules with endospores

Answer 10

Coccidioides

Question 11

Yeast with broad-based budding

Answer 11

Blastomyces

Question 12

Pseudohyphae with blastoconidia

Answer 12

Candida

Question 13

Most of these species are sub clinical, can become invasive in immunocompromised patients. Endemic to Mississippi and Ohio River valleys.

Answer 13

Histoplasma

Question 14

Meningitis among immunocompromised patients (e.g. Advanced AIDS)

Answer 14

Cryptococcus

Question 15

Typically transient pulmonary syndrome, can progress to meninges & bone. Endemic to southwestern US.

Answer 15

Coccidioides

Question 16

Inhaled, can disseminate to skin and bone.

Answer 16

Blastomyces

Question 17

Wide range of superficial or invasive infections (e.g. candidemia attributed to vascular catheters, skin and soft tissue infections)

Answer 17

Candida

Question 18

Ground glass appearance- what is the treatment?

Answer 18

Pneumocystis jirovecii + TMP/SMX

Question 19

Fever with dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing due to edematous “chatty red” epiglottis; thumbprint sign on X-Ray. What is the causative microorganism?

Answer 19

H influenzae - epiglottitis