Bugs With Exotoxin

Question 1

MOA –> Inactivates elongation factor - (EF-2): 2 bacterias

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheriae - diphtheria toxin
And
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - exotoxin A

Question 2

MOA –> inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA… (2)

Answer 2

Shigella spp. - Shiga toxin (ST)
And
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC) - Shiga Like Toxin (SLT)

Question 3

MOA –> overactivates adenylate cyclase (inc. cAMP) –> increasing Cl- secretion in gut and H2O efflux.

Answer 3

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) - heat LABILE toxin (LT)

Question 4

MOA –> overactivates guanylate cyclase (inc. cGMP) –> decr. Resorption of NaCl and H2O in gut…

Answer 4

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) - heat STABLE toxin (ST)

Question 5

MOA –> Mimics the adenylate cyclase enzyme (incr. cAMP). Name the bacteria and the toxin.

Answer 5

Bacillus anthracis - edema toxin

Question 6

MOA –> Overactivates adenylate cyclase (incr. cAMP) by permanently activating Gs –> increasing chloride secretion in gut and H2O efflux. Name the bacteria and toxin.

Answer 6

Vibrio cholerae

Question 7

MOA –> overactivates adenylate cyclase (inc. cAMP) by disabling Gi, impairing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe. Bac + toxin:

Answer 7

Bordetella pertussis - pertussis toxin

Question 8

MOA –> toxin prevents release of ACh signal at NMJs –> flaccid paralysis

Answer 8

Clostridium botulinum - botulinum toxin

Question 9

MOA –> toxin prevents release of inhibitory (GABA and glycine) neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells in spinal cord. Bac + toxin.

Answer 9

Clostridium titanic - tetanospasmin

Question 10

MOA –> phospholipase (lecithinase) that degrades tissue and cell membrane (myonecrosis and hemolysis). Bac + toxin

Answer 10

Clostridium perfringes - alpha toxin

Question 11

MOA –> this toxic protein degrades cell membrane. Contributes to beta-hemolysis. Host ASO used to Dx disease. Do not confuse with streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Bac + toxin…

Answer 11

Streptococcus pyogenes - Streptolysin O

Question 12

MOA –> binds to MHC II and TCR outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha–> shock. Can cause scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) and food poisoning (enterotoxin)

Answer 12

Staphylococcus aureus- toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1)

Question 13

MOA –> binds to MHC II and TCR outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha–> shock. No food association. Bac + toxin

Answer 13

Streptococcus pyogenes - Exotoxin A

Question 14

Endotoxin - LPS found in outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria (both cocci and rods). What are the effects:
E.N.D.O.T.O.X.I.N

Answer 14

E- edema
N- NO
D- DIC/ Death
O- outer membrane
T- TNF-alpha
O- O antigen
X- eXtreme heat stable
I- IL-1 (fever)
N- neutrophil chemotaxis