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Microbio-Virology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis, (most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in the US), herpes labialis. Latent in trigeminal ganglia. Transmitted by respiratory secretions, saliva.
What is it, and what receptor does it use

A

Herpesvirus - HSV 1

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1
Q

Infected cells have Cowdry A inclusions. Herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes. Latent in sacral ganglia. Transmitted by sexual contact, perinatally. Tzanck test (genital) of opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells. Viral meningitis more common than with other subtype. What virus is it?

A

Herpesvirus - HSV 2

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2
Q

Chickenpox, shingles, encephalitis, pneumonia. Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia. Most common complication of shingles is post-herpetic neuralgia. Transmitted by respiratory secretions.

A

Herpesvirus - VZV

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3
Q

Mononucleosis-characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (especially posterior cervical nodes).
Transmitted by respiratory secretions and saliva; “kissing disease.” Infects B cells. Atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are not infected B cells but rather reactive cytotoxic T cells. Assoc. with Hodgkin lymphoma, endemic Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Detection by [+] monospot test. What receptor does this virus use?

A

Herpesvirus - Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

CD 21

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4
Q

Congenital infection, mononucleosis ([-] Monospot), pneumonia, retinitis. Infected cells have characteristic “owl eye” inclusions. Latent in mononuclear cells. Transmitted congenitally and by transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, organ transplant. CF: pneumonia in transplanted Px, esophagitis, and what major associated feature? What receptor does this virus use?

A

Herpesvirus - Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

CMV retinitis!!!

Integrins (heparin sulfate)

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5
Q

High fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash. Transmitted by saliva.

A

Herpesvirus - HHV-6/7: Roseola

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6
Q

Kaposi sarcoma, a neoplasm of endothelial cells. Seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients. Dark violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions representing endothelial growths. Can also affect GI tract and lungs. Transmitted by sexual contact.

A

Herpesvirus - HHV-8

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7
Q

Envelope: Yes
DNA Structure: DS and linear
Medical Importance: HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV

A

Herpesviruses

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8
Q

Envelope: Yes
DNA Structure: Partially DS and circular
Medical Importance: HBV: acute or chronic; vaccination available only for surface antigen. Not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase

A

Hepadnavirus

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9
Q

Envelope: No
DNA Structure: DS and linear
Medical Importance: Febrile pharyngitis-sore throat. Acute hemorrhagic cystitis. Pneumonia, conjunctivitis- “pink eye”

A

Adenovirus

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10
Q

Envelope: No
DNA Structure: SS and linear (-): smallest DNA virus
Medical Importance: B19 virus-aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, “slapped cheek” rash on children-erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, pure RBC aphasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in adults (wrists, hands, knees, elbows, feet) without a rash. What virus is this, and What receptor does this virus use?

A

Parvovirus

P antigen on RBCs

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11
Q

Envelope: No
DNA Structure: DS and circular
Medical Importance: JC virus-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV. BK virus- transplant patients, commonly targets kidney.

A

Polyomavirus

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12
Q

Envelope: No
DNA Structure: DS and circular
Medical Importance: Warts (1, 2, 6, 11), CIN, cervical cancer (16, 18) vaccine available.

A

Papillomavirus

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13
Q

Envelope: No
DNA Structure: DS and linear (largest DNA virus)
Medical Importance: Smallpox, although eradicated, could be used in germ warfare. Cowpox: milkmaid blisters
Molluscum contagiosum- flesh-colored dome lesions with central umbilicated dimple.

A

Poxvirus

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14
Q

Envelope: No
RNA Structure: DS linear- 10-12 segments
Capsid symmetry: icosahedral (double)
Medical Importance: Coltivirus-Colorado tick fever
Rotavirus-#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

A

Reovirus

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15
Q

Envelope: No
RNA Structure: SS [+] linear
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Medical Importance: PERCH: Poliovirus:polio-Salk/Sabin vaccines, Echovirus: aseptic meningitis, Rhinovirus: “common cold”, Coxsackievirus: aseptic meningitis; herpangina, hand, foot, and mouth disease; myocarditis, pericarditis, HAV: acute viral hepatitis. What family is this virus, and What receptor does this virus use?

A

Picornaviruses (PERCH)
Poliovirus, Exhovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV

ICAM-1

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16
Q

Envelope: No
RNA Structure: SS [+] linear
Capsid symmetry:Icosahedral
Medical Importance: HEV

A

Hepevirus

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17
Q

Envelope: No
RNA Structure: SS [+] linear
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Medical Importance: Norovirus-viral gastroenteritis

A

Caliciviruses

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18
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [+] linear
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Medical Importance: HCV, Yellow fever, Dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile Virus

A

Flaviviruses

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19
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [+] linear
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Medical Importance: Rubella, EEE, WEE and Chicongunya

A

Togaviruses

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20
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [+] linear
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral (HTLV), complex and conical (HIV)
Medical Importance: Have reverse transcriptase. HTLV-T-cell leukemia.
HIV-AIDS

A

Retroviruses

21
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [+] linear
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Medical Importance: Coronavirus-“common cold” and SARS

A

Coronaviruses

22
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [-] linear 8 segments
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Medical Importance: Influenza virus

A

Orthomyxoviruses

23
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [-] linear nonsegmented
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Medical Importance: Parainfluenza-Croup, RSV, Measles, Mumps

A

Paramyxoviruses

24
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [-] linear
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Medical Importance: Rabies

A

Rhabdoviruses

25
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [-] linear
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Medical Importance: Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever- often fatal

A

Filoviruses

26
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [-] circular 2 segments
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Medical Importance: LCMV-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.
Lassa Fever encephalitis - spread by mice

A

Arenaviruses

27
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [-] circular: 2 segments
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Medical Importance: California encephalitis, Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers, Huntavirus-hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

A

Bunyaviruses

28
Q

Envelope: Yes
RNA Structure: SS [-] circular
Capsid symmetry: Uncertain
Medical Importance: HDV is a defective virus that requires HBV co-infection

A

Delta virus

29
Q

A segmented dsRNA virus that is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis. Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na+ and loss of K+.
Major cause of acute diarrhea in the US during winter, especially in day care centers and kindergartens.

A

Rotavirus (a Reovirus)

30
Q

Orthomyxoviruses, enveloped. [-] ssRNA viruses with 8-segment genome. Contain hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry) and neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release) antigens. Patients at risk for fatal bacterial superinfection. Rapid genetic changes.

A

Influenza viruses

31
Q

A Togavirus-causes German 3 day measles. Fever, postauricular and other lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, and fine rash. Fine macula start on the face and spread centrifugally to involve the trunk and extremities. Causes mild disease in children but serious congenital disease. Blueberry muffin appearance, indicative of extramedullary hematopoiesis.

A

Rubella Rash

32
Q

Parainfluenza: Croup (seal like barking cough), mumps, and measles, as well as RSV, which causes respiratory tract infection (bronchiolitis, pneumonia) in infants. All contain surface F (fusion) protein, which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells. Palivizumab (monoclonal antibody against F protein) prevents pneumonia caused by RSV infection in premature infants.

A

Paramyxoviruses

33
Q

A paramyxovirus virus: Koplik spots (bright red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa that precede the virus rash by 1-2 days), and descending maculopapular rash are characteristic. SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1:2000), and giant cell pneumonia (rarely, in immunosuppresed) are possible sequelae. Discrete erythematous rash, presents late, and includes limbs as it spreads downward.

A

Measles virus

34
Q

A paramyxovirus. Symptoms: swollen neck, parotitis, orchitis (inflammation of testis), and aseptic meningitis. Can cause sterility (especially after puberty).

A

Mumps virus

35
Q

Bullet shaped virus. Negri bodies commonly found in Purjinke cells of the cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons. Long incubation period (weeks to months) before symptom onset. Postexposure treatment is wound cleansing and vaccination [+/-] rabies immune globin. Travels to CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up nerve axons. Progression: agitation –> photophobia, hydrophobia–> paralysis,coma –> death. What virus is this and what receptor does this virus use?

A

Rabies Virus

Nicotinic AchR

36
Q

What are the ToRCHHeS infections?

A 
Toxoplasma gondii 
Rubella 
CMV
HIV
HErpes virus - 2
Syphilis
37
Q

What is the clinical triad of Yellow fever??

A

High fever, black vomitus, and jaundice (hence yellow fever)!

38
Q

What viruses make up picornavirus??

A

Polio, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV.
PERCH

picoRNAvirus - small RNA virus

39
Q

What viruses make up Flaviviruses?

A

HCV, Yellow Fever, Dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile Virus, Zika Virus

40
Q

What viruses make up Reovirus?

A

Coltivirus, and Rotavirus

41
Q

What viruses make up the family of Togavirus?

A

Rubella, Western and Eastern Equine encephalitis, and Chikungunya Virus

42
Q

What viruses make up the family of Coronavirus?

A

“Common cold”, SARS, MERS

Covid-19

43
Q

What viruses make up the family of Bunyavirus?

A

California encephalitis, Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Huntavirus

44
Q

What is the triad of Huntavirus infection?

A

Hemorrhagic Fever, pneumonia, malaise

45
Q

What viruses make up the family of Paramyxovirus?

A

Parainfluenza (croup), mumps, measles, RSV, and human metapneumovirus. All contain Surface F (fusion) protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells. Tx-Palivizumab

46
Q

A sickle cell patient presents with an aplastic crisis. Also known as Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). What virus is this, and what CF is hallmark for it? What about hallmark in adults? In utero??

A

Parvovirus B19
CF child: Slapped cheek
CF adult: inflammatory arthritis that only lasts about 3 weeks
CF in utero: hydrops fetalis

47
Q

These structural genes are important in the structural genome of HIV. What do these genes code for: gag

A
  • p24 capsid protein

- p17 matrix protein

48
Q

These structural genes are important in the structural genome of HIV. What do these genes code for: env

A
  • gp120

- gp41

49
Q

These structural genes are important in the structural genome of HIV. What do these genes code for: pol

A
  • Reverse transcriptase
  • Integrase
  • Protease

Microbiology (8 decks)

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