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Advanced Physical Assessment > Rash > Flashcards

Rash Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatitis is also interchangeable with

A

Eczema

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2
Q

Non-infective inflammatory skin diseases that represent a reaction pattern to various stimuli

A

Dermatitis

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3
Q

All classifications of dermatitis produce clinical features:

A

Pruritic, erythematous lesions, indistinct lesions.

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4
Q

Atopic

A

Allergy

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5
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Immune system attacks the skin. Creases of the body and exposed skin surfaces

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6
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Allergen in the environment, may not happen with the first encounter.

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7
Q

To determine the body surface area that is erythematous, use

A

the rule of 9’s.

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8
Q

Causes of diffuse hyperpigmentation

A

Endocrine disease
Addison’s disease (excess ACTH)
Ectopic ACTH secretion (e.g. carcinoma)
The contraceptive pill or pregnancy
Thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly, phaeochromocytoma
Metabolic
Malabsorption or malnutrition
Liver diseases (e.g. haemochromatosis, primary
biliary cirrhosis, Wilson’s disease)
Chronic kidney disease
Porphyria
Chronic infection (e.g. bacterial endocarditis)
Connective tissue disease (e.g. systemic lupus,
scleroderma, dermatomyositis)
Racial or genetic
Other
Drugs (e.g. chlorpromazine, busulfan, arsenicals)
Radiation

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9
Q

Benign skin tumors

A
  1. Warts
  2. Molluscum contagiosum
  3. Seborrhoeic keratoses
  4. Dermatofibroma
  5. Neurofibroma
  6. Angioma
  7. Xanthoma
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10
Q

Malignant skin tumors

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Bowen’s* disease (squamous cell carcinoma
    confined to the epithelial layer of the skin—
    carcinoma in situ)
  4. Malignant melanoma (which can be metastatic—
    see Figure 40.33)
  5. Secondary deposits
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11
Q

Causes of facial flushing

A
  1. Menopause
  2. Drugs and foods (e.g. nifedipine, sildenafil,
    monosodium glutamate [MSG])
  3. Alcohol after taking the drug disulfiram (or
    alcohol alone in some people)
  4. Systemic mastocytosis
  5. Rosacea
  6. Carcinoid syndrome (secretion of serotonin and
    other mediators by a tumour may produce
    flushing, diarrhoea and valvular heart disease)
  7. Autonomic dysfunction
  8. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
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12
Q

Causes of erythroderma

A
  1. Eczema
  2. Psoriasis
  3. Drugs (e.g. phenytoin, allopurinol)
  4. Pityriasis rubra pilaris
  5. Mycosis fungoides, leukaemia, lymphoma
  6. Lichen planus
  7. Pemphigus foliaceus
  8. Hereditary disorders
  9. Dermatophytosis
  10. Toxic shock syndrome—generalised erythroderma
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13
Q

Causes of itchiness

A
  1. Asteatosis (dry skin)
  2. Atopic dermatitis (erythematous, oedematous
    papular patches on head, neck, flexural surfaces)
  3. Urticaria
  4. Scabies
  5. Dermatitis herpetiformis
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14
Q

Did the inside of your mouth become ulcerated

and painful suddenly?

A

Stevens-Johnson

syndrome;

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15
Q

Causes of hives

A

Acute viral infection—upper respiratory infection, viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, mycoplasma
Acute bacterial infection—dental abscess, sinusitis
Food allergy (IgE mediated)—usually milk, egg, peanut, shellfish
Drug allergy (IgE mediated drug-induced urticaria)—often an antibiotic
Drug-induced urticaria due to pseudoallergy—aspirin, nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opiates, radiocontrast media; these cause urticaria without immune activation
Vaccination
Bee or wasp stings
Widespread reaction following localised contact urticaria — for example, rubber latex

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16
Q

Chronic spontaneous urticaria has also been associated with:

A

Chronic underlying infection, such as Helicobacter pylori, bowel parasites
Chronic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid disease, coeliac disease, vitiligo and others

17
Q

The main treatment of all forms of urticaria in adults and children is with an oral second-generation antihistamine

A 
Cetirizine
Loratadine
Fexofenadine
Desloratadine
Levocetirizine
Rupatadine
Bilastine
18
Q

In hives avoid which OTC

A

Avoid aspirin, opiates and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (paracetamol is generally safe). Aggravate hives.

Advanced Physical Assessment (12 decks)

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