Cardiovascular - Heart Murmurs Flashcards
Heart murmurs are generally diagnostic of
Valvular heart disease
Aortic and mitral regurgitation are best heard with the ____ of the stethoscope
Diaphragm (high pitched sounds. Best for S1, S2 also)
S3, S4, and murmur of mitral stenosis should be auscultated with the _____ of the stethoscope
Bell. These are low-pitched sounds.
S3, S4, and murmur of mitral stenosis should be auscultated with the _____ of the stethoscope
Bell. These are low-pitched sounds.
Where do you use the bell of the stethoscope, i.e. what is the movement of the stethoscope?
Start at the apex, move medially along the lower sternal border.
Murmurs that coincide with the carotid upstroke are
Systolic
Midsystolic murmurs begin
After S1 and stop before S2. Decrease in intensity with manevuers that reduce L ventricular volume (standing, sitting up, straining Valsalva) Usually not pathologic
Midsystolic murmurs begin and provide 2 examples.
After S1 and stop before S2. Decrease in intensity with manevuers that reduce L ventricular volume (standing, sitting up, straining Valsalva) Usually not pathologic (1) Innocent Flow OR (2) Aortic stenosis
Pansystolic murmur and include an example.
Starts at S1 and stops at S2. Mitral regurgitation
Late systolic murmur
Starts mid-late systole. Persists up to S2
Cresendo murmur
Grows louder
Decrescendo murmur
Grows softer
Plateau murmur
Same intensity throughout
Where does aortic stenosis murmur radiate?
To the neck
Where does mitral regurgitation murmur radiate to?
Axilla
