Rapid Review Flashcards
1
Q
Treatment for cryptococcus neoformans
A
Fluconazole
2
Q
Treatment for CF
A
N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/azithromycin)
3
Q
Treatment for CMV
A
Gancicyclovir
4
Q
Treatment for DI
A
Central - DDAVP. Nephrogenic - HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
5
Q
Treatment for enterococci
A
Vanco/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
6
Q
Treatment for HiB prophylaxis
A
Rifampin. Vaccine not effective for close contact prophylaxis
7
Q
Treatment for Her2/neu-positive breast cancer
A
Trastuzumab
8
Q
Treatment for hyperaldosteronism
A
Spironolactone
9
Q
Treatment for hypertriglyceridemia
A
Fibrate
10
Q
Treatment for infertility
A
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile)
11
Q
Treatment for legionella
A
Erythromycin
12
Q
Treatment for n meningitidis
A
Penicillin/ceftriaxone. Rifampin for prophylaxis
13
Q
Treatment for prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
A
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
14
Q
Treatment for pulmonary hypertension
A
Bosentan
15
Q
Treatment for ringworm infections
A
Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
16
Q
Treatment for sporothrix schenckii
A
Oral KI
17
Q
Treatment for strep pneumo
A
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
18
Q
Treatment for toxoplasma gondii
A
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
19
Q
Treatment for UTI prophylaxis
A
Bactrim
20
Q
Treatment for wegeners
A
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
21
Q
Ascending aortic aneurysm
A
Marfan (myxomatous changes of cystic medial degeneration)
22
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
23
Q
Benign breast tumor
A
Fibroadenoma
24
Q
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis (developing and developed world respectively)
A
Developed world - SLE, Developing world - Tb. In both cases will present with pulsus paradoxus (left heart constriction), pericardial knock, and Kussmauls sign (right heart constriction)
25
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency/hypothyroidism
26
Mets to bone
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
27
Mets to brain
Lung, breast, melanoma, RCC, GI
28
Mets to liver
Colon, gastric, pancreastic, breast, lung
29
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari
30
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
31
Cherry red spot on macula (3 things)
Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, CRAO
32
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves disease, others)
33
Dark purple skin and mouth nodules
Kaposi sarcoma
34
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (Vit B3 deficiency)
35
Dilated cardiomypoathy, edema, polyneuropathy
Wet beriberi (Vit B1 deficiency)
36
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
37
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic syphilis treatment
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirchetes results in toxin release)
38
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronies disease (connective tissue disorder)
39
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gauchers disease
40
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome
41
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesions)
42
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis)
43
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly
Coris disease (no hepatic fat accumulation unlike von gierkes)
44
Multiple colonic polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/sumpernumerary teeth
Gardners syndrome (subtype of FAP)
45
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) exercise intolerance
Pompes disease
46
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (AIHA caused by mycoplasma pneumonia infection or mono)
47
Painful, red raised lesions on palms and soles
Oslers nodes (infective endocarditis)
48
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Jaineway lesions (infective endocarditis)
49
Painless jaundice
Cancer of the head of the pancreas
50
Rash on palms and soles (3)
Coxsackie A, secondary syphillis, RMSF
51
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Jobs, neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
52
Retinal hemorrhage with pale centers
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
53
Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconis anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslinke repair, often progresses to AML)
54
Smooth, flat, white, moist lesions on genitals
Condyloma lata (secondary syphilis)
55
Strawberry tongue (3)
Kawaski, Scarlet fever (strep pyogenes toxin), toxic shock syndrome
56
Waxy casts with very low urine flow
ESRD
57
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipples disease
58
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
59
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs (name and cause)
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
60
Basophilic stippling of RBCs (cause)
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
61
Bloody tap on LP
SAH
62
Boot shaped heart on x-ray (2)
ToF, RVH
63
Brown tumor of bone (2)
Hyperparathyroidism, Ostieitis fibrosa cystica. Brown color due to hemorrhagic cysts (hemosiderin)
64
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease
65
Chocolate cyst of ovary
Endometriosis
66
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils (name and cancers)
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblasotma)
67
Desquamated epithelial casts in sputum
Curshmanns spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
68
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nucleus
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
69
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy Body (Parkinsons)
70
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
71
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus
72
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
73
Hair on end (crew-cut) apperance on x-ray (2)
B-thalassemia, sickle cell
74
Elevated hCG (2)
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
75
Granulomatous heart nodules
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
76
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystal)
77
Honeycomb appearance of lung on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
78
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia (3)
Iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia
79
Increased uric acid levels (4)
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop or thiazide diuretics
80
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
81
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
82
Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Post strep GN
83
Mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
84
Monoclonal antibody spike (4)
Multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstroms, Primary amyloidosis
85
Novoiocin responsiveness
Sensitive - staph epidermis, resistant - staph saprophyticus
86
Optochin responsiveness
Sensitive - strep pneumo, resistant - strep viridans
87
Periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area (3)
Codmans triangle. Osteosarcoma, Ewings sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
88
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau (2)
Neurofibrillary tangles. 1) Alzheimers, 2) CJD
89
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
90
Rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
91
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons (name and cause)
Pick bodies, Picks disease (dementia, changes in personality)
92
Soap bubble appearance in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (benign)
93
Spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
94
Stacks of red blood cells (name and 2 causes)
Roleaux. High ESR, multiple myeloma
95
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
96
Tram-track appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
97
WBCs that look smudged
CLL
98
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
99
Treatment for anxiety
Buspirone
100
Treatment for arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Class IB (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
101
Treatment for breast cancer in postmenopausal woman
Aromatase inhibitor
102
Treatment for carcinoid syndrome
Otreotide
103
Treatment for chalmydia trachomatis
Doxycycline (with cefrtiaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (for prophylaxis in infants)
104
Treatment for clostridium tetani
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
105
Treatment for Crohns disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab
106
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
107
What does an S3 indicate relative to valvular disease?
Bad MR
108
What cardiac parameter is indicated by an S3?
A high LV EDP
109
Formula for effective renal plasma flow
ERPF = [Upah] x [Urine Flow Rate] / [Ppah] = CLpah
110
Calculations for 95 and 99 pct confidence intervals respectively
95 pct CI = Mean + 1.96 x SD/n^(1/2). For 99 pct CI replace 1.96 with 2.58
111
Formula for odds ratio
OR = (a/b)/(c/d) = ad/bc
