Rapid Review Flashcards
Treatment for cryptococcus neoformans
Fluconazole
Treatment for CF
N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/azithromycin)
Treatment for CMV
Gancicyclovir
Treatment for DI
Central - DDAVP. Nephrogenic - HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
Treatment for enterococci
Vanco/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
Treatment for HiB prophylaxis
Rifampin. Vaccine not effective for close contact prophylaxis
Treatment for Her2/neu-positive breast cancer
Trastuzumab
Treatment for hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone
Treatment for hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrate
Treatment for infertility
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile)
Treatment for legionella
Erythromycin
Treatment for n meningitidis
Penicillin/ceftriaxone. Rifampin for prophylaxis
Treatment for prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
Treatment for pulmonary hypertension
Bosentan
Treatment for ringworm infections
Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
Treatment for sporothrix schenckii
Oral KI
Treatment for strep pneumo
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
Treatment for toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Treatment for UTI prophylaxis
Bactrim
Treatment for wegeners
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
Ascending aortic aneurysm
Marfan (myxomatous changes of cystic medial degeneration)
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
Benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis (developing and developed world respectively)
Developed world - SLE, Developing world - Tb. In both cases will present with pulsus paradoxus (left heart constriction), pericardial knock, and Kussmauls sign (right heart constriction)
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency/hypothyroidism
Mets to bone
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
Mets to brain
Lung, breast, melanoma, RCC, GI
Mets to liver
Colon, gastric, pancreastic, breast, lung
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Cherry red spot on macula (3 things)
Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, CRAO
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves disease, others)
Dark purple skin and mouth nodules
Kaposi sarcoma
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (Vit B3 deficiency)
Dilated cardiomypoathy, edema, polyneuropathy
Wet beriberi (Vit B1 deficiency)
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic syphilis treatment
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirchetes results in toxin release)
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronies disease (connective tissue disorder)
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gauchers disease
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesions)
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis)
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly
Coris disease (no hepatic fat accumulation unlike von gierkes)
Multiple colonic polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/sumpernumerary teeth
Gardners syndrome (subtype of FAP)
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) exercise intolerance
Pompes disease
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (AIHA caused by mycoplasma pneumonia infection or mono)
Painful, red raised lesions on palms and soles
Oslers nodes (infective endocarditis)
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Jaineway lesions (infective endocarditis)
Painless jaundice
Cancer of the head of the pancreas
Rash on palms and soles (3)
Coxsackie A, secondary syphillis, RMSF
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Jobs, neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
Retinal hemorrhage with pale centers
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconis anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslinke repair, often progresses to AML)
Smooth, flat, white, moist lesions on genitals
Condyloma lata (secondary syphilis)
Strawberry tongue (3)
Kawaski, Scarlet fever (strep pyogenes toxin), toxic shock syndrome
Waxy casts with very low urine flow
ESRD
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipples disease
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs (name and cause)
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
Basophilic stippling of RBCs (cause)
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Bloody tap on LP
SAH
Boot shaped heart on x-ray (2)
ToF, RVH
Brown tumor of bone (2)
Hyperparathyroidism, Ostieitis fibrosa cystica. Brown color due to hemorrhagic cysts (hemosiderin)
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease
Chocolate cyst of ovary
Endometriosis
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils (name and cancers)
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblasotma)
Desquamated epithelial casts in sputum
Curshmanns spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nucleus
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy Body (Parkinsons)
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
Hair on end (crew-cut) apperance on x-ray (2)
B-thalassemia, sickle cell
Elevated hCG (2)
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
Granulomatous heart nodules
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystal)
Honeycomb appearance of lung on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia (3)
Iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia
Increased uric acid levels (4)
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop or thiazide diuretics
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Post strep GN
Mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
Monoclonal antibody spike (4)
Multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstroms, Primary amyloidosis
Novoiocin responsiveness
Sensitive - staph epidermis, resistant - staph saprophyticus
Optochin responsiveness
Sensitive - strep pneumo, resistant - strep viridans
Periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area (3)
Codmans triangle. Osteosarcoma, Ewings sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau (2)
Neurofibrillary tangles. 1) Alzheimers, 2) CJD
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
Rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons (name and cause)
Pick bodies, Picks disease (dementia, changes in personality)
Soap bubble appearance in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (benign)
Spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
Stacks of red blood cells (name and 2 causes)
Roleaux. High ESR, multiple myeloma
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
Tram-track appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
WBCs that look smudged
CLL
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Treatment for anxiety
Buspirone
Treatment for arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Class IB (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
Treatment for breast cancer in postmenopausal woman
Aromatase inhibitor
Treatment for carcinoid syndrome
Otreotide
Treatment for chalmydia trachomatis
Doxycycline (with cefrtiaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (for prophylaxis in infants)
Treatment for clostridium tetani
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
Treatment for Crohns disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
What does an S3 indicate relative to valvular disease?
Bad MR
What cardiac parameter is indicated by an S3?
A high LV EDP
Formula for effective renal plasma flow
ERPF = [Upah] x [Urine Flow Rate] / [Ppah] = CLpah
Calculations for 95 and 99 pct confidence intervals respectively
95 pct CI = Mean + 1.96 x SD/n^(1/2). For 99 pct CI replace 1.96 with 2.58
Formula for odds ratio
OR = (a/b)/(c/d) = ad/bc