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Step 1 > High Yield > Flashcards

High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibitors of cytochrome oxidase

A

CO and cyanide

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2
Q

Most common metal deficiency in alcoholics

A

Magnesium

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3
Q

Cells capable of respiratory burst

A

Neutrophils and monocytes (not macrophages)

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4
Q

Caisson disease

A

Diver comes up too quickly, nitrogen bubbles expand (the bends)

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5
Q

Precursor to clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

Vaginal adenosis

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6
Q

Anemia in a breastfeeding baby with a mother who is a vegan

A

B12 deficiency

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7
Q

Hypogonadism, MR, unilateral gynecomastia

A

Klinefelter

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8
Q

Hypogonadism and color blindness

A

Kallmann (absent GnRH)

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9
Q

Hypogonadism, MR, retinitis pigmentosum

A

Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome

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10
Q

Male with hypogonadism, MR, short stature, webbed neck

A

Noonan syndrome (like Turner for men)

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11
Q

Hypogonadism and anosmia

A

Kallmann syndrome

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12
Q

What is goats milk low in compared to cows milk

A

Folate, B6, iron. High in potassium, chloride, arachidonic acids, linoleic acids compared to cows milk

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13
Q

Difference between children and adults in salicylate poisoning

A

Children typically develop only the metabolic acidosis (not the respiratory alkalosis)

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14
Q

What disease is more likely to infect the fetus after the first trimester

A

Syphilis

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15
Q

Causes of angiosarcoma of the liver

A

Vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorotrast

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16
Q

What cancer is B2-microglobulin a tumor marker for?

A

Multiple myeloma (excellent prognostic factor)

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17
Q

What tumors is bombesin a tumor marker for?

A

Small cell of lung and neuroblastoma

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18
Q

What tumor is CA 15-3 a tumor marker for?

A

Breast cancer

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19
Q

What cancer is LDH a marker for?

A

Hodgkins disease

20
Q

What cancers is neuron specific enolase (NSE) a marker for?

A

Small cell of lung, neuroblastoma

21
Q

Vitamin abnormality in primary hypothyrodism

A

B-carotenima. Decreased conversion of b-carotenes into retinoic acid in intestine (thyroxine is cofactor). Patient is yellow

22
Q

Cerebellar dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic diathesis

A

Vitamin E def

23
Q

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

AR. Decreased intestinal absorption of zinc. Rare

24
Q

What compounds cause a decrease in adhesion molecule synthesis

A

Catecholamines, corticosteroids, lithium

25
Q

Drug induced lupus antibodies vs regular SLE antibodies

A

Drug induced - anti-histone and antissDNA. Regular SLE - anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA (note dsDNA vs ssDNA)

26
Q

Baby with viral icterus and edema

A

Most likely congenital CMV

27
Q

Most common cause of thoracic and abdominal abcesses

A

Bacteroides fragilis below the diaphragm, b melanogenicus above the diaphragm

28
Q

Window sill test

A

AIP. When porphobilinogen in urine oxidized by light it becomes porphobilin, giving the urine a port wine color

29
Q

Causes of iatrogenic problems in AIP

A

Their symptoms are often mistaken for surgical emergenices (acute abdomen) and thus they may be operated on repeatedly

30
Q

Black spot on leg

A

Ecthyma (pyoderma) gangrenosum. Due to pseudomonas, forms black ulcers. Relationship with UC

31
Q

People in a room with a space heater have a headache.

A

CO poisoning. Treat with 100 percent oxygen

32
Q

Distribution of the rash in patient on tetracycline

A

Sun exposed areas (consider what kind of clothes the person wears)

33
Q

What organisms can be identified with a string test (enterotest)?

A

Giardia, strongyloides, cryptosporidium

34
Q

Young man develops extreme fatigue, muscle cramp after exercising, and a pink colored urine. Lactic acid levels do not increase after exercise

A

McArdles disease

35
Q

Nabothian cyst

A

Blocked endocervical glands with mucous retention

36
Q

Deviation of uvula to opposite side in patient with exudative tonsillitis

A

Peritonsillar abscess

37
Q

What disorder is membranous GN associated with?

A

Hepatitis B

38
Q

Why do patients with gastric ulcers tend to lose weight?

A

They have pain upon eating, so they often become afraid to eat

39
Q

Mass in the vulva

A

Bartholins gland cyst, relationship with gonoococcus

40
Q

Foamy macrophages in the lamina propria

A

Whipples disease

41
Q

Werndigg-Hoffman disease

A

Childhood version of ALS

42
Q

Proptosis of the eye with poor eye movements

A

Consider cavernous sinus thrombosis (will see papilledema) and orbital cellulitis (no papilledema)

43
Q

Choromosome of abnormality in wilms tumor

A

11

44
Q

What should you think about in sterile pyuria?

A

Renal Tb. If not tb check for chlamydia next

45
Q

What are antimicrosomal antibodies in besides hashimotos?

A

Graves disease

46
Q

Most common pathology of renovascular hypertension

A

Men - atherosclerosis of renal artery, women - fibromuscular hyperplasia

47
Q

Hypertension in otherwise asymptomatic young woman

A

OCPs increase angiotensinogen synthesis in liver

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