High Yield

Question 1

Inhibitors of cytochrome oxidase

Answer 1

CO and cyanide

Question 2

Most common metal deficiency in alcoholics

Answer 2

Magnesium

Question 3

Cells capable of respiratory burst

Answer 3

Neutrophils and monocytes (not macrophages)

Question 4

Caisson disease

Answer 4

Diver comes up too quickly, nitrogen bubbles expand (the bends)

Question 5

Precursor to clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Answer 5

Vaginal adenosis

Question 6

Anemia in a breastfeeding baby with a mother who is a vegan

Answer 6

B12 deficiency

Question 7

Hypogonadism, MR, unilateral gynecomastia

Answer 7

Klinefelter

Question 8

Hypogonadism and color blindness

Answer 8

Kallmann (absent GnRH)

Question 9

Hypogonadism, MR, retinitis pigmentosum

Answer 9

Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome

Question 10

Male with hypogonadism, MR, short stature, webbed neck

Answer 10

Noonan syndrome (like Turner for men)

Question 11

Hypogonadism and anosmia

Answer 11

Kallmann syndrome

Question 12

What is goats milk low in compared to cows milk

Answer 12

Folate, B6, iron. High in potassium, chloride, arachidonic acids, linoleic acids compared to cows milk

Question 13

Difference between children and adults in salicylate poisoning

Answer 13

Children typically develop only the metabolic acidosis (not the respiratory alkalosis)

Question 14

What disease is more likely to infect the fetus after the first trimester

Answer 14

Syphilis

Question 15

Causes of angiosarcoma of the liver

Answer 15

Vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorotrast

Question 16

What cancer is B2-microglobulin a tumor marker for?

Answer 16

Multiple myeloma (excellent prognostic factor)

Question 17

What tumors is bombesin a tumor marker for?

Answer 17

Small cell of lung and neuroblastoma

Question 18

What tumor is CA 15-3 a tumor marker for?

Answer 18

Breast cancer

Question 19

What cancer is LDH a marker for?

Answer 19

Hodgkins disease

Question 20

What cancers is neuron specific enolase (NSE) a marker for?

Answer 20

Small cell of lung, neuroblastoma

Question 21

Vitamin abnormality in primary hypothyrodism

Answer 21

B-carotenima. Decreased conversion of b-carotenes into retinoic acid in intestine (thyroxine is cofactor). Patient is yellow

Question 22

Cerebellar dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic diathesis

Answer 22

Vitamin E def

Question 23

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Answer 23

AR. Decreased intestinal absorption of zinc. Rare

Question 24

What compounds cause a decrease in adhesion molecule synthesis

Answer 24

Catecholamines, corticosteroids, lithium

Question 25

Drug induced lupus antibodies vs regular SLE antibodies

Answer 25

Drug induced - anti-histone and antissDNA. Regular SLE - anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA (note dsDNA vs ssDNA)

Question 26

Baby with viral icterus and edema

Answer 26

Most likely congenital CMV

Question 27

Most common cause of thoracic and abdominal abcesses

Answer 27

Bacteroides fragilis below the diaphragm, b melanogenicus above the diaphragm

Question 28

Window sill test

Answer 28

AIP. When porphobilinogen in urine oxidized by light it becomes porphobilin, giving the urine a port wine color

Question 29

Causes of iatrogenic problems in AIP

Answer 29

Their symptoms are often mistaken for surgical emergenices (acute abdomen) and thus they may be operated on repeatedly

Question 30

Black spot on leg

Answer 30

Ecthyma (pyoderma) gangrenosum. Due to pseudomonas, forms black ulcers. Relationship with UC

Question 31

People in a room with a space heater have a headache.

Answer 31

CO poisoning. Treat with 100 percent oxygen

Question 32

Distribution of the rash in patient on tetracycline

Answer 32

Sun exposed areas (consider what kind of clothes the person wears)

Question 33

What organisms can be identified with a string test (enterotest)?

Answer 33

Giardia, strongyloides, cryptosporidium

Question 34

Young man develops extreme fatigue, muscle cramp after exercising, and a pink colored urine. Lactic acid levels do not increase after exercise

Answer 34

McArdles disease

Question 35

Nabothian cyst

Answer 35

Blocked endocervical glands with mucous retention

Question 36

Deviation of uvula to opposite side in patient with exudative tonsillitis

Answer 36

Peritonsillar abscess

Question 37

What disorder is membranous GN associated with?

Answer 37

Hepatitis B

Question 38

Why do patients with gastric ulcers tend to lose weight?

Answer 38

They have pain upon eating, so they often become afraid to eat

Question 39

Mass in the vulva

Answer 39

Bartholins gland cyst, relationship with gonoococcus

Question 40

Foamy macrophages in the lamina propria

Answer 40

Whipples disease

Question 41

Werndigg-Hoffman disease

Answer 41

Childhood version of ALS

Question 42

Proptosis of the eye with poor eye movements

Answer 42

Consider cavernous sinus thrombosis (will see papilledema) and orbital cellulitis (no papilledema)

Question 43

Choromosome of abnormality in wilms tumor

Answer 43

11

Question 44

What should you think about in sterile pyuria?

Answer 44

Renal Tb. If not tb check for chlamydia next

Question 45

What are antimicrosomal antibodies in besides hashimotos?

Answer 45

Graves disease

Question 46

Most common pathology of renovascular hypertension

Answer 46

Men - atherosclerosis of renal artery, women - fibromuscular hyperplasia

Question 47

Hypertension in otherwise asymptomatic young woman

Answer 47

OCPs increase angiotensinogen synthesis in liver