Rapid PMed and real time antibiotic resistance

Question 1

what are the public health impacts of gonorrhoea?

Answer 1

Genital Discharge Syndrome

Reproductive and Child Health 
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Ectopic Pregnancy, 
Infertility
Congenital disease 

Adult gonococcal conjunctivitis
Keratitis and rapid corneal scarring

Disseminated gonococcal infection

Risks of HIV transmission

Question 2

multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance in neiserria gonorrhoea

Answer 2

Resistance genes transferred easily between strains

Highly competent DNA transformation: pil-IV ComP Receptor for DNA Uptake Sequences (12bp repeats > 1% genome)

Question 3

name the first XDR gonorrhoea strain

Answer 3

h041, emerged 2014, heterosexual man/japanese partner

Question 4

what happens in h041 strain?

Answer 4

sequence variation in two hypervariable loci, porB and tbpB.

Question 5

technological innovations to address antimicrobial resistance?

Answer 5

Molecular and Rapid Diagnostics and AMR prediction

Whole genome sequencing

Rapid Sequencing

Real Time Surveillance

Question 6

how can rapid AMR detection reduce AMR transmission?

Answer 6

Determine Drug Susceptibility at Diagnosis

Treat patient empirically with ABx that work

Reduce Transmission of drug resistant confidently

Re-use old discarded Abx

reduced selection pressure on 1st line Abx

Question 7

what is the POC test for AMR of gonorrhoea

Answer 7

The io ® cartridge can multiplex using a combination of 4 detection chambers and up to 6 electrochemical labels to detect up to 24 analytes from a single patient sample in 30 minutes

Question 8

genital discharge and antibiotic resistance

Answer 8

1) treating genital discharge syndrome 
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neiserria gonorrhoeae
Trichomonas vaginalis
Mycoplasma genitalium

treat with: Doxycycline
Ceftriaxone & Azithromycin
Metronidazole
Azithromycin or Moxifloxacin or Pristinamycin

Question 9

what is rapid NAAT?

Answer 9

nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is a molecular technique used to detect a particular pathogen (virus or bacterium) in a specimen of blood or other tissue or body fluid. It does so by detecting and amplifying the RNA or DNA of the pathogen, that is, making extra copies of its nucleic acids