Range of Motion and Measurements Flashcards
Impaired and altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework)system: skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures, and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements
Somatic dysfunction
Fractures, sprains, inflammatory processes
somatic lesions (can’t be treated with OMT)
TART
T-tissue texture changes
A-asymmetry
R- restriction of motion
T-tenderness
2 types of ROM
Active (pt. demos) & Passive (examiner guides pt. thru)
Which range of motion is greater?
Passive
3 cardinal planes?
Sagittal, frontal (coronal), horizontal (transverse)
3 types of joints?
fibrous-skull articulations
cartilaginous-discs between vertebrae
synovial-extremities
What kinds of joints do most of body motion?
synovial and cartilaginous joints
Gross vs Segmental Motion?
Gross: Cervical spine
Segmental: C7 on T1
limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure; limit of passive motion
anatomic barrier
limit of active motion
physiologic
range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption
elastic
permanant restriction of joint motion associated with pathologic change of tissues
pathologic
functional limit with the anatomic ROM, which abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range
restrictive
motion has what 3 qualities?
direction, range, and quality
elastic end feel
normal
abrupt end feel
osteoarthritis
hard end feel
somatic dysfunction
empty end feel
stop due to pain
crisp end feel
involuntary muscle guarding
rubbery or bouncy end feel
viscerosomatic reflex: pain moves to chest wall, kicks on sympathetics; (Example: Hx of GERD: T5-9)
firm end feel
microtrauma (ex overuse)
sloppy end feel
ligamentous laxity
Two types of flexibility
Static and dynamic
maximal ROM a joint can achieve with an externally applied force
static flexibility
ROM an athlete can produce and speed at which they can produce it
dynamic flexibility
physical measurement of reduced ROM of a joint or group of joints
stiffness
relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures
linkage; linking together will increase ROM
device used for actual measurement of ROM
goniometer
extended anatomic position when doing measurements
zero starting position
part of spine with greatest ROM?
cervical spine
2 vertebrae, the associated disc, neuromuscular, and other soft tissues
functional unit
passive rotation of cervical spine
70-90 deg each way
whole rotation motion of cervical spine
140-180 deg
passive side bending of cervical spine
20-45 deg each way
whole side bending of cervical spine
40-90 deg
flexion of cervical spine: chin to chest
45-90 deg
extension of cervical spine
45-90 deg
whole motion flex/ext of cervical spine
90-180 deg
