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NMSK1 - physio 1 > Range of motion > Flashcards

Range of motion Flashcards

1
Q

what is range of motion?

A
  • the amount of motion available at a joint
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2
Q

what is the starting position for measurement of ROM ?

A

anatomical position

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3
Q

what is osteokinematics?

A
  • the study of movement of bones around joints
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4
Q

what is arthrokinematics?

A
  • study of movement of joint surfaces / accessory movements etc
    -ie the roll, glide and spin of joints
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5
Q

what is the anatomical position?

A
  • positioning of the body when standing upright
    -each arm hanging by the side - palms facing forward
    -legs parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward
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6
Q

what is a plane of motion?

A
  • planes of motion describe the axis along which an action is performed
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7
Q

what is an axis?

A

-a straight line around which an object rotates
-movement at a joint takes place in a plane around an axis

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8
Q

what movement takes place in the sagittal plane?

A

flexion and extension

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9
Q

what movement takes place in the frontal plane?

A

abduction and adduction

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10
Q

what is arthrokinematics necessary for ?

A

-necessary for pain free range of motion

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11
Q

what is a ‘roll’ movement, in terms of arthrokinematics?

A
  • a rotary movement
    -one bone rolling on another
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12
Q

what is congruency in terms of joints?

A

congruency = how well 2 surfaces fit together when they are superimposed on one another

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13
Q

what is a ‘spin’ movement, in terms of arthrokinematics?

A
  • rotary movement
  • all points on the moving joint surface rotate at a constant distance around a fixed axis of motion
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14
Q

what does congruent vs incongruent mean in terms of rolling and gliding etc ?

A
  • congruent - more gliding
    -incongruent - more rolling
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15
Q

what is a convex joint surface?

A
  • rounded or arched
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16
Q

what is a concave surface?

A
  • concave means hollowed
  • think of a cave as hollow
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17
Q

what is a glide or slide movement?

A

-the slide of one joint surface oner another
-occurs when the 2 surfaces are congruent and either flat or curved
-eg tarsal bones in ankle and carpals in wrist

18
Q

what is the concave motion rule?

REWATCH VIDEO ON ONE NOTE

A
  • the convex surface is stationary and the concave surface moves
  • when the concave surface moves, the concave joint surface and the bone itself move in the same direction
19
Q

what is the convex motion rule?

A
  • concave surface is stationary and convex surface moves
  • when the convex surface moves up for eg, the convex joint surface is moving in a downward direction and vice versa
  • opposite direction
20
Q

what is physiological movement?

A
  • joint movement that can occur voluntarily
21
Q

what is accessory movement?

A

movement that accompanies physiological joint movement but cannot be performed voluntarily eg arthrokinematic motions

22
Q

what does AROM stand for?

A
  • active range of motion
23
Q

what is active range of motion?

A
  • unassisted (ie not assisted by physio) voluntary joint range of movement
    -occurs due to muscles contracting and relaxing
    -less than passive range
24
Q

what dies PROM stand for?

A

-passive range of movement

25
Q

what is passive range of movement?

A
  • movement provided externally eg by a physio
    -usually the maximum available range at a joint
26
Q

what is a close-packed position of joints?

A

-the position in which the articulating bones have their maximum area of contact with each other
- ie joint stability is greatest

27
Q

what is a loose packed position?

A
  • the position in which the articulating bones are not maximally congruent and the surrounding bones and ligaments are not taut (ie not at max tension)
  • ie less stability in the joint
28
Q

what is an example of a joint in ‘closed packed’ position?

A

the knee joint in the extension position

29
Q

are accessory movements maximal or minimal for a closed packed joint position?

A

minimal

30
Q

are accessory motions maximal or minimal at a loose packed joint position?

A

maximal

31
Q

what factors influence joint ROM?

A

-genetics
-age - ROM decreases as we age as joints become stiffer
-gender- women more mobile
-occupation
-temperature - high temp loosens and improves mobility of joints
-injury and diseases - eg osteoporosis

32
Q

what is ‘end-feel’?

A

-the sensation transmitted to the therapist’s hand when taking a joint to the end of range
-can be normal or abnormal

33
Q

what are the contra-indications of joint assessment (ie in what situations would you not test ROM)?

A
  • joint dislocation
    -unhealed/untreated fracture
    -immediately post op - tendons, muscle, joint capsule etc
    -acute joint flare up - eg rheumatoid arthritis
  • metabolic bone disease
34
Q

what kind of end feel does a knee flexion have (ie contact between posterior soft tissue of the calf and thigh)?

A

a soft end feel

35
Q

what are the precautions to keep in mind when undertaking a joint assessment?

A
  • early stage of healing - less than 48 hours
  • if muscle relaxants or analgesics have been taken
    -bone fragility
    -hypermobile or subluxed joints
    -excessive pain or swelling
    -pregnancy
    -region of haematoma - bleeding within a muscle
36
Q

what is an example of a firm end feel?

A
  • hip flexion with the knee straight
37
Q

what are examples of measurement tools to quantify ROM?

A

-inclinometer
-goniometer
-goniometer app on phone

38
Q

what does a universal goniometer measure?

A

-measures the beginning and end of the movement, not what happens in between
-measures angles of the osteokinematic motion and not arthrokinematics

39
Q

what are the principles of ACTIVE ROM assessment using a goniometer?

A
  • ask the patient to move actively throughout the full ROM
    -either move the movable arm of the goniometer through the entire range to the end of AROM or realign the goniometer at the end of AROM
    -ask the patient is that as far as you can go?
40
Q

what are the principles of passive ROM assessment using a goniometer?

A
  • move the moveable arm of the goniometer, whilst passively moving the limb segment to be tested - eg arm or leg
    -if it is hard to move the limb and the goniometer eg large joints, you can move the limb first without the goniometer
    -ensure the joint is at the end of available range, by applying passive overpressure
41
Q

what is the capsular pattern of ROM limitation?

A
  • when there is proportional loss of rom in specific directions
    -when a pathology involves the entire joint capsule eg joint effusion/synovial inflammation eg rheumatoid arthritis RA
42
Q

what is a non capsular pattern of ROM limitation?

A
  • usually results from a condition involving structures other than joint capsules eg muscles and ligaments

NMSK1 - physio 1 (36 decks)

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