randoms part 5 Flashcards
febrile non-hemolytic blood transfusion reaction
- fever, chills
- 1-6 hours s/p
- caused by accumulated cytokines during storage
- use leukoreduced blood products
acute hemolytic blood transfusion rxn
ABO incompatiability
w/i 1 hour
+ direct coombs
fever, flank pain, DIC
delayed hemolytic blood transfusion rxn
mild fever and hemolytic anemia 2-10 days s/p
+ direct coopms
anaphylactic blood transfusion reaction
patient has anti-IgA antibodies because they are deficent
-shock, angioedema, urticaria, resp distress
TRALI
res distress, non-cardiogenic pulm edema,
- 6h
- donor has anti-leukocyte antibodies
warfarin
2,7,9,10 C and S PT/INR extrinsic
heparin
2,9,10 PTT, intrinsic pathway
CYP 450 inhibitors will increase warfarins effects (since warfarin is inactivated by CYP450)
- acetominophen
- NSAIDS
- Metro
- antifungals
- cranberry juice
- fluoxetine
CYP 450 inducers, will decrease warfarins efects
- carbamazepine
- green veggies
- gineseng
- phenobarbitol
- rifampin
- st johns wort
what anticoagulants to avoid with kidney issues?
fondaprinaux
rivaroxiban
menopause, estrogen, FSH and LH?
- decreased circulating estrogen
- increased FSH and LH
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
- pruritis
- hyper bili
- transaminitis due to increase serum bile acid from impaired bile acid flow
- usually late 2nd /3rd trimester
- treat with ursodeoxycholic acid
acute fatty liver of pregnancy
malaise, RUQ pain, N/V, hypoglycemia, mild eleated LFT, increased bili, sometimes DIC
how to treat chorio
amp, gent, clinda
lab findings in hypercortisolism
hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis leukocytosis
most bloodvessels responsable for hemorrhagic strokes happen in the same blood vessesl prone to HTN strokes
lacunar vessells
basal ganglia, pons, thalamus, cerebellum
acute angle glaucoma
severe eye pain, may see halos around lights. The affected eye will appear injected and the pupil will be dilated and poorly responsive to light. Patients can also develop tearing and headache with N/V.
torticolis
is a focal dystonia
alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
-gait dysfunction, truncal ataxia, nystagmus, intention tremor, impaired rapid alternating movements, muscle hypotonia –> pendular knee reflex
cauda equine sydrome
in adults the spinal cord ends at L1-L2 , the lumbosacral nerve roots below this level form the cauda equina, which floats in CSF. these are spinal nerve roots
- sensation to saddle area (not perianal), motor innervation to the sphincters (anal and urethal) and PNS to bladder and lower bowel (late in onset)
- cauda equina lesion causes LMN signs (hyporeflexia or areflexia) as the nerve roots are part of the peripheral nervous system. connus medularis would have both UMN and LMN.
- often asymettric lower extremity weakness
- radicular pain
conus medullaris
- sudden onset
- peranal hpyo/anesthesia
- symmetric motor wekanes
- hyperreflexia as UMN and LMN
- early onset bowel and bladder dysfunction
mydriasis
dilation
meiosis
constriction
neurocardiogenic syncope
vasovagal
-prolongued standing, emotional distress, painful stimuli
actinomyces
anerobic gram positive partially filamenting branching bacteria
- sulfur granules
- treat with penicillin
nocardia
gram positive partically acid-fast filamentous rode
-treat with TMP SMX
anti-histone
drug induced lupus
anti- jo-1, ant-srp, anti-mi-2
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
