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step 2 disease treatment > randoms part 5 > Flashcards

randoms part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

febrile non-hemolytic blood transfusion reaction

A
  • fever, chills
  • 1-6 hours s/p
  • caused by accumulated cytokines during storage
  • use leukoreduced blood products
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2
Q

acute hemolytic blood transfusion rxn

A

ABO incompatiability
w/i 1 hour
+ direct coombs
fever, flank pain, DIC

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3
Q

delayed hemolytic blood transfusion rxn

A

mild fever and hemolytic anemia 2-10 days s/p

+ direct coopms

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4
Q

anaphylactic blood transfusion reaction

A

patient has anti-IgA antibodies because they are deficent

-shock, angioedema, urticaria, resp distress

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5
Q

TRALI

A

res distress, non-cardiogenic pulm edema,

  • 6h
  • donor has anti-leukocyte antibodies
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6
Q

warfarin

A

2,7,9,10 C and S PT/INR extrinsic

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7
Q

heparin

A

2,9,10 PTT, intrinsic pathway

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8
Q

CYP 450 inhibitors will increase warfarins effects (since warfarin is inactivated by CYP450)

A
  • acetominophen
  • NSAIDS
  • Metro
  • antifungals
  • cranberry juice
  • fluoxetine
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9
Q

CYP 450 inducers, will decrease warfarins efects

A
  • carbamazepine
  • green veggies
  • gineseng
  • phenobarbitol
  • rifampin
  • st johns wort
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10
Q

what anticoagulants to avoid with kidney issues?

A

fondaprinaux

rivaroxiban

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11
Q

menopause, estrogen, FSH and LH?

A
  • decreased circulating estrogen

- increased FSH and LH

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12
Q

intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

A
  • pruritis
  • hyper bili
  • transaminitis due to increase serum bile acid from impaired bile acid flow
  • usually late 2nd /3rd trimester
  • treat with ursodeoxycholic acid
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13
Q

acute fatty liver of pregnancy

A

malaise, RUQ pain, N/V, hypoglycemia, mild eleated LFT, increased bili, sometimes DIC

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14
Q

how to treat chorio

A

amp, gent, clinda

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15
Q

lab findings in hypercortisolism

A 
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis
leukocytosis
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16
Q

most bloodvessels responsable for hemorrhagic strokes happen in the same blood vessesl prone to HTN strokes

A

lacunar vessells

basal ganglia, pons, thalamus, cerebellum

17
Q

acute angle glaucoma

A

severe eye pain, may see halos around lights. The affected eye will appear injected and the pupil will be dilated and poorly responsive to light. Patients can also develop tearing and headache with N/V.

18
Q

torticolis

A

is a focal dystonia

19
Q

alcoholic cerebellar degeneration

A

-gait dysfunction, truncal ataxia, nystagmus, intention tremor, impaired rapid alternating movements, muscle hypotonia –> pendular knee reflex

20
Q

cauda equine sydrome

A

in adults the spinal cord ends at L1-L2 , the lumbosacral nerve roots below this level form the cauda equina, which floats in CSF. these are spinal nerve roots

  • sensation to saddle area (not perianal), motor innervation to the sphincters (anal and urethal) and PNS to bladder and lower bowel (late in onset)
  • cauda equina lesion causes LMN signs (hyporeflexia or areflexia) as the nerve roots are part of the peripheral nervous system. connus medularis would have both UMN and LMN.
  • often asymettric lower extremity weakness
  • radicular pain
21
Q

conus medullaris

A
  • sudden onset
  • peranal hpyo/anesthesia
  • symmetric motor wekanes
  • hyperreflexia as UMN and LMN
  • early onset bowel and bladder dysfunction
22
Q

mydriasis

A

dilation

23
Q

meiosis

A

constriction

24
Q

neurocardiogenic syncope

A

vasovagal

-prolongued standing, emotional distress, painful stimuli

25
Q

actinomyces

A

anerobic gram positive partially filamenting branching bacteria

  • sulfur granules
  • treat with penicillin
26
Q

nocardia

A

gram positive partically acid-fast filamentous rode

-treat with TMP SMX

27
Q

anti-histone

A

drug induced lupus

28
Q

anti- jo-1, ant-srp, anti-mi-2

A

polymyositis, dermatomyositis

step 2 disease treatment (12 decks)

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