optho

Question 1

dacryocystisis

Answer 1

infection of the lacrimal sac

-sudden onset of pain and redness in the medial canthal region

Question 2

hordeolum

Answer 2

abscess upper lid with staph

Question 3

chalazion

Answer 3

lid discomfort

hard, painless, lid nodule

chornic granulomatous inflammation of the meobium gland

Question 4

macular degeneration

Answer 4

atrophic dry: mutiple sores in the macula region

exudative/wet: new blood vessels that leak, bleed and scar

• common in older
• bilateral
• loss of CENTRAL vision
• distorted visions straight lines appear wavy
• smoking is a risk factor
• treat the neovascular disease with a VEGF inhibitor

Question 5

Presbyopia

Answer 5

common age related decrease in lens elasticity that leads to difficulty with near bision.

-middle age individual who has to hold books at arms length

Question 6

astigmatism

Answer 6

nonspherical cornea

-blurry vision both at a distance and up close

Question 7

open angle glaucoma

Answer 7

• gradual loss of vision
• tunnel vision
• pathologic cupping of optic disc
• more common in blacks and pts with DM

Question 8

acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 8

suddent onset of extremly painful, red eye and hard to palpation. pupil is stuck, does nto react to light. to tonometry. treat with acetazolaid, mannitol, pilocarpine, betal blockers

Question 9

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 9

background/simple/non prolfetive: microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, retinal edema - control with tight glucose management

preporlifetive stages - might show cotton wool spots

proliferative stage - newly formed vessles , treat with laser photocoagulation or VEGF inhibitors

Question 10

vitreous hemorrhage

Answer 10

sudden loss of vision, onset of floaters, dark red glow

• assoc with DM retinopathy
• fundus hard to visualize