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step 2 disease treatment > randoms part 2 > Flashcards

randoms part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

in cirrhosis the use of furosemide can lead to

A

hypokalemia
prerenal kindney injury from volume contraction
metabolic alkalosis (loss of H+)

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2
Q

non alcoholic fatty liver disease

A

typical pt DM–> insulin resistence –> increased peripheral lipolysis, increased TG synthesis and liver uptake of fatty acids

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3
Q

Ascites

A

> 1.1 SAAG

  • cardiac or cirrhosis –> ascites
  • portal HTN –> increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
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4
Q

breastfeeding decreases risks of?

A

otitis media, resp, gI, UTI infections and nec

-reduces risk of ovarian and breast cancer

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5
Q

DIC is seen in metastatic malignancies

A

like breast!

-look for decreased platelets, fibrinogen and increased INR and signs of MAHA like increased LDH, retics and bili

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6
Q

define oliguria

A

less than 400cc per day or 6 cc/hour

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7
Q

non seminous germ cell tumors, markers?

A

AFP and BHCG

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8
Q

seminatous markers?

A

bHCG

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9
Q

anterior mediastinal mass?

A

thymoma, teratoma, thyroid, terrible lymphoma

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10
Q

RQ protein, carbs, fat

A

protein 0.8
carbs 1.0
fat 0.7

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11
Q

middle mediastinal mass

A

broncogenic cyst, lymphoma

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12
Q

blunt abdominal trauma forming a duodenal hematoma

A

NG tube, most resolve on their own

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13
Q

acute mediastinitus

A

s/p cardiac surgery

-drainage, surgical debridement

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14
Q

axillary nerve damage

A

anterior shoulder dislocation

  • deltoid, teres minor
  • sensation over the lateral upper arm
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15
Q

radial nerve damage

A

crutches
humeral midshaft fracture

  • triceps, brachioradialis, supnator, “best extenors”
  • wrist drop
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16
Q

musculocutaneous what muscles

A

bicpes, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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17
Q

niacin is made of what?

A

tryptophan and serotonin

so you get a devifiency in carcinoid

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18
Q

pericadial tamponade on the EKG?

A

may show electrical alternans

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19
Q

ankle brachial index

A

nl 1- 1.3
PAD 0.4 - 0.9
Severe ischemia

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20
Q

progressive dysphagia of both solids and liquids at the same time

A

achalasia

21
Q

dysohagia for solids first then liquids

A

esophageal cancer

22
Q

gastrics ulcer and food

A

worse

23
Q

duodenal ulcer and food

A

better

24
Q

treat h pylori with?

A

ppi, clarithromycin and amoxicillin, amoxicillin can be traded for metronidazole if the patient is allergic

25
Q

all variceal bleeding with ascites needs ppx for SBP

A

norfloxacin and TMP/SMX

26
Q

hematochromatosis

A 
fatigue, joint pain (pseudogout)
erectile dysfunction and ammenorhea in women (pituitary)
skin darkening
bronze diabetes
cardiomyopathy - dilated and restrictive
27
Q

polyarteritis nodosa is associated with

A

hep b and c

28
Q

wilsons

A

copper

  • neurologic symptoms: psychosis, tremor, dysarthria, ataxia, seizures
  • coombs negative hemolytic anemia
  • renal tubular acidosis
29
Q

autoimmune hepatitis antivodies

A

anti-smooth

30
Q

fanconi anemia

A
  • x linked
  • defect in gene repair –> chromosomal breaks
  • aplastic anemia (pancytopenia)
  • short stature, microcephaly, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadism, hypopigmented andhyper pigmented areas
31
Q

diamond black fan

A
  • AD
  • macrocytic anemia m red blood cells only
  • low retic
  • assoc with short stature, webbed neck, cleft lip, shielded chest and triphalangeal thumbs
32
Q

wiskott-aldrich

A
  • x linked

- thrombocytopenia, eczema and bacterial infections

33
Q

chediak higashi

A
  • decrease in granulation, chemotaxis and granuloparesis

- frequent bacteria infections, partial albinism

34
Q

beckwith-wiedemann syndrome

A
  • omphalocele or umbilical hernia
  • macroglossia
  • hemiphyperplasia
  • assoc. with wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma
  • check AFP and ab/renal US
35
Q

laryngomalacia

A

insipiratory stridor worse in the supine position
increased laxity of the supraglottic structures
management is reassurance

36
Q

respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

A

risk factors: prematurity, male, perinatal asphyxia, c/s without labor

-DM –> hyperglycemia –> increased fetal insulin, insulin antagonizes cortison and block the maturation of sphinomyelin needed for surfractant in the lungs

37
Q

homocytinuria

A

AR

  • intellectual disability
  • decreased lens dislocation
  • thrombosis
  • fair hair and eyes
38
Q

neiman pick vs tay sach

A

both have loss of motor function, hypotonia, difficult feeding, cherry red macula , AR

but!

Neiman has hepatosplenomegaly and areflexia, sphingomyelinas deficieny

tay sachs has hyperreflexia no enlarged spleen or liver and is a b-hexosamindidase deficiency

39
Q

gaucher

A

glucocerebrosidase deficiney

-anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatospelnomagaly, cherry red macula, no loss of mile stones

40
Q

von gierke a tyle 1 glycogen storage disease

A
  • g-6-phosphatase deficiency
  • hypoglycemia leads to SZ
  • lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia
  • doll like face, thin extremities, short, protruberant abdomen
41
Q

pompe tyle 2 gylcogen storage disease

A
  • acid malatase

- floppy baby, feeding difficulties, macroglossia, heart failure, hypertrophic heart, hepatomegaly

42
Q

refeeding syndrome – carbs –> insulin

A

insulin causes reuptake of already low Po4, K and Mg

43
Q

lead poisoning

A

always get a venous level, dont treat if less than 45

44
Q

vascular ring

A
  • before age 1
  • persistent strido that improves with neck distension
  • assoc. with cardiac abnormalities
  • confirm with barium contrast esophogram, bronchosopor or CT MRI with angio
45
Q

acquired torticolllis

A

usually trauma but serious causes include retropharyngreal abscess and atlanto subluxation
-get an xray!

46
Q

apgar score

A

appearence, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

47
Q

How to keep the PDA open

A

prostaglandins

48
Q

how to close a PDA

A

indomethacin

49
Q

vitamin B2 riboflavin deficiency

A

angular chelosis, stomatitis, glossitis, normocytic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis

step 2 disease treatment (12 decks)

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