random stuff 3 Flashcards
what is the cranial border of the paralumbar fossa?
cranial: last rib
what is the dorsal border of the paralumbar fossa?
dorsal: lateral border of large spinal muscles from last rib to tuber coxae
what is the caudoventral border of the paralumbar fossa?
caudoventral: ridge of muscular part of the internal abdominal oblique, from last rib to tuber coxae
T/F: the incision of the upper flank requires blockage of both dorsal and ventral branches
TRUE
what artery is important to bypass when performing a laparotomy?
deep circumflex iliac artery
important nerves to the flank
T13 intercostal nerve, L1 (iliohypogastric nerve), and L2 (ilioinguinal nerve)
what is the inverted L block?
sub q injection of an anesthetic agen cranial and dorsal to the site of the incision
what is the paravertebral block?
anesthetic agent deposited at the cranial tips of the lumbar transverse processes
what is the epidural?
anesthetic agent is deposited in the epidural space of the vertebral canal
paravertebral block: proximal
intervertebral space, T13, L1, L2
paravertebral block: distal
transverse processes, L1, L2, L4
T/F: in an epidural, the anesthetic blocks the dorsal and ventral roos of the spinal cord in the vicinity of the intervertebral foramen, which results in loss of both sensory and motor function
true
if proper administration of an epidural takes place, what spinal nerves wil be blocked?
T13, L1, L2
which block can result in the femoral nerve being blocked and paralyze the extensor muscles of the stifle joint?
epidural!
what are the structures incised during laparotomy in the PLF?
- skin
- superficial fascia (incl. cut. trunci)
- deep fascia
- ext. abd. oblique
- int. abd. oblique
- transversus abdominis
- retroperitoneal fat
- parietal peritoneum
what is the grid technique?
involves blunt separation of the muscle fibers consistent with their orientation
what happens with LDA?
abomasum moves to L side
what happens with RDA?
abomasum moves to the R side
R ventral colon - sacculations?
yes
R ventral colon - free bands?
2
R ventral colon - hidden bands?
2
L ventral colon - sacculations?
yes
L ventral colon - free bands?
2
L ventral colon - hidden bands?
2
L dorsal colon - sacculations?
no
L dorsal colon - free bands?
0
L dorsal colon - hidden bands?
1
R dorsal colon - sacculations?
indistinct
R dorsal colon - free bands?
2
R dorsal colon - hidden bands?
1
small colon - sacculations?
yes
small colon - free bands?
1
small colon - hidden bands?
1
what is the proper site of liver biopsies in equine?
R 12th intercostal space or L 8th intercostal space
what is the proper site of liver biopsies in bovine?
R 10th or 11th intercostal spaces
