Random shizzzz - oedema / rhythm / anaphylaxis Flashcards
What is oedema
Accumulation of fluid in extravascular space
Effusion if in body cavity
If bilateral implies systemic disease with increased venous pressure e.g. RHF or decreased oncotic pressure (any cause of decreased albumin)
What causes pulmonary oedema
LVF = back flow causing increased pulmonary pressure forcing fluid out
Fluid overload
What causes peripheral oedema
RVF Decreased albumin e.g. in renal / liver failure Pelvic mass Vasodilators Pregnancy
What does lymphatic blockage cause
Lymph oedema
What is Ddx of oedema
HHF Lack of mobility Lymph oedema Chronic venous insuffineicy DVT / Cellultiis / compartment syndrome - likely unilateral
How do you investigate
FBC, U+E, LFT, albumin Urinanalysis for protein - decreed albumin CXR ECHO USS if ascites
How do you Rx
Elevate leg
Compression
Furosemide if severe / cardiac cause
Why does abnormal renal function cause oedema
Salt and water retention
Increased volume and capillary pressure
What is low protein oedema
Oncotic pressure needs certain protein level
Hypoalbumin = decreased oncotic
What causes low protein / hypo albumin
Malnutiriton
Liver Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
What is a atrial myxoma
Benign cardiac tumour
How does it present
SOB as takes up space in atrial Atrial regurg Fatigue Weight loss Fever Clubbing Mid diastolic murmur Emboli Mitral stenosis
How do you differentiate from IE
ECHO shows mass
How do you treat
Remove mass
What is mild hypothermia
32-35
What is severe
<32
What causes hypothermia
Exposure to cold Inadequate insuliation Newborn Elderly Bypass GA Hypothyroid SUbstance abuse Homeless Impaired mental status
What are the symptoms
SHivering Cold Slurred speech Tachycardia Tachypnoea Hypertension Resp depression and Brady if severe Limp / poor feed in baby
How do you investigate
Temperature ECG FBC U+E - monitor K Blood glucose ABG Coagulation CXR
What does ECG show
ST elevation
J wave
How do you treat
Remove from cold
Warm with blanket
Secure airway and monitor breathing
Warm IV if not responding
What does rapid rewarming lead to
Vasodilation and shock
When get cold hypothalamus release TSH and ACTH = constriction
What does FBC show
Haematocrit and Hb increased
Platelet and WBC low due to hyposplenism
