Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cvs > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Look at ECG notes

A

OK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What changes in anterior-septal MI

A

V1-V4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What coronary artery

A

LAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What changes in inferior MI

A

II, III, aVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What coronary artery

A

RCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What changes in anterior-lateral

A

V4-6
I
aVL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What coronary artery

A

LAD or L circumflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes in lateral MI

A

V5-6
I
aVL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What coronary artery

A

L circumflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What changes in posterior MI

A

Tall R waves V1-V2

ST depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What artery

A

L circumflex

Can be RCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does LAD supply

A

Anterior left ventricle

2/3 of inter ventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What changes in STEMI

A

ST elevate V1-V4

T wave inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does left circumflex supply

A

Lateral LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What changes in STEMI

A

I, II
aVL
V5-V6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does RCA supply

A

R ventricle
Posterior L ventricle
Posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum
AV node so can cause heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do you get cause of supply to AV node if RCA infarction

A

Can get heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What changes in STEMI

A

ST elevation in II, III, aVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What changes in posterior infarction

A

Tall R waves V1-V3
Recipricol changes so ST depression V1,V2,V3
Often pain more in the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do you do if ST depression not settling with GTN or troponin

A

Think posterior MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does a defibrillator do

A

Depolarises all cells into refractory period

Able to achieve AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does hypokalaemia present on ECG

A 
U wave 
Small or absent T wave
Prolonged PR
ST depression 
Long QT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does hyperkalaemia present

A 
Talll T wave
PR disappears
Broad QRS
AV block
Sinus Brady or slow AF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypothermia on ECG

A 
Bradycardia
1st degree block 
Long QT, QRS, PR 
J wave
VT / VF / asystole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does hypercalcaemia present

A

Short QT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a bifasicular block

A

RBBB with left anterior or posterior semi block

e.g. RBBB with LAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a trifasicular block

A

Same as above but 1st degree block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do you report an ECG

A 
RATE
RHYTHM - sinus ?
Conduction interval 
Cardiac axis - normal or deviated 
Morphology - QRS / ST segment / T wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

If dizzy turn what do you do

A

ECG to look for arrhythmia

Holter monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What criteria for a MI

A 
Tall T wave = hyper acute change (lasts only minutes) 
ST elevation 
T wave inversion in 1st 24 hours 
Q wave persist forever
New LBBB
Posterior - ST Depression
Evolving changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does ST elevation need to be

A

> 0.2mv in 2 continuous leads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What do you do if T wave inversion

A

Look at previous ECG to see if evolving or past

If myocardium stays inflamed or oedematous then T wave inversion may persist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does persistent ST elevation post MI suggest

A

Ventricular aneurysm

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What leads look at L lateral side of heart

A

I, II, aVL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What leads look at inferior

A

III, aVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What lead looks at RA

A

aVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What causes a +Ve blip

A

Depolarisation towards +Ve electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What do horizontal leads look at

A

Horizontal plane instead of frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is progression

A

V1 = -ve blip as away
V6 = +ve as towards
Flips over at V3/V4
R wave grows as you go from V1-V6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What happens if RVH e.g. COPD

A

Transition moves towards V6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does V1 and V2 look at

A

Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does V3 and V4 look at

A

Septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does V5 and V6 look at

A

Anterior and lateral wall of the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why does progression happen

A

Electrical from L ventricle outweighs R

Changes in RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does P wave show

A

Atrial depolarisation
Usually by SA node
R+L at same time so one wave
Can get biphasic wave in pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the QRS complex

A

Ventricle depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How does ventricle depolarise

A

Down bundle of His which depolarises septum

Purkinke fibres do R+L side of heart in parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Q wave

A

1st deflection of heart below baseline

Serum depolarises from L-R away from +VE so -ve blip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is QS

A

If all waves downward and n R wave

50
Q

What is R

A

Any upward deflection regardless of whether Q wave before

Big wave of depolarisation

51
Q

What is S

A

Any deflection below baseline following R wave

Upper part of septum depolarises away

52
Q

What is T wave

A

Ventricular depolarisation

53
Q

Why is it +Ve

A

Opposite way to +Ve electrode but depolarisation

54
Q

What is abnormal with R wave

A

If opposite way to QRS as usually follows its direction

If QRS +Ve and T wave -ve then pathological

55
Q

What is a U wave

A

If follows normal T wave then assume normal

If T wave flattened could be pathological

56
Q

Why can’t you see atrial repolarisation

A

At same time as ventricular depolarisation

57
Q

How do you interpret interval

A

Choose lead that shows best after checked all leads

58
Q

What is PR interval

A

Time for atrial depolarisation to ventricular depolarisation due to transmission through AV node

59
Q

How long should it be

A

No more than 1 large box
Should be 3-5
0.1-0.2s

60
Q

What is QRS

A

Time for ventricle to depolarise

Shows how well Bundle of His and Purkinje fibres are conducting

61
Q

How long should it be

A

No more than 3 little boxes (0.08s)

62
Q

What is QT

A

Time spent in ventricular depolarisation

Varies with HR

63
Q

What is it at 60BPM

A

0.42s

64
Q

What can prolong

A

Drugs
Electrolyte
Can go into VT

65
Q

What is important with ST

A

Vertical movement

66
Q

What does elevation suggest

A

Infraction

67
Q

What does depression suggest

A

Ischaemia

68
Q

Where do you look from

A

J point

69
Q

What do you get from rhythm strip

A 
Speed of ECG - 25mm/s
1 small = 40ms
5 small (1 large) = 0.2s
Calibration - 0.5mv
Regularity
Rate
70
Q

Where do you get rhythm from

A

Lead which shows P wave most clearly - usually II

71
Q

How do you work out if regular or irregular

A

Mark out R-R then check same distance

72
Q

If there is an AV block what does this mean

A

Mark atrial and ventricular rate separately as will be different

73
Q

How do you get rate if regular

A

No of bars between 2 QRS and divide into 300

74
Q

How do you get rate if irregular

A

Count R waves in 30 large squares (6S)

X10

75
Q

How do you read an ECG

A 
Name, date, calibration, speed
Rate
Rhythm
Cardiac Axis 
P wave
PR interval / ST / QT 
QRS 
T wave 
U wave 
Specific changes
76
Q

What should you look for

A

Regional changes

77
Q

What leads to look at cardiac axis

A

I,II,III

78
Q

What should cardiac axis be

A

Lead II = most +Ve if normal

79
Q

What happens in RAD

A

III most +Ve

I most -ve

80
Q

What happens in LAD

A

1 most +Ve

2+3 -ve

81
Q

What is important with P wave

A

Duration - tachy / fibrillation
Amplitude - raised in cor pulmonale
Is it follows by QRS

82
Q

What causes prolonged PR interval

A 
AV delay 
IHD
Digoxin
Hypokalaemia 
Rheumatic fever
Lyme's 
Sarcoid 
Myotonic dystrophy
83
Q

What causes a shortened PR interval

A

Atrial impulse getting to ventricle by shorter faster circuit
Accessory pathway e.g. in WPW

84
Q

What else can you get with WPW

A

Delta wave - slurred upstroke to QRS

85
Q

What causes broad QRS

A

Abnormal depolarisation / conduction
Ectopics
Bundle branch blocks

86
Q

What height should QRS be

A

<5mm in limb

<10mm in chest

87
Q

What causes tall QRS

A

Ventricular hypertrophy

88
Q

What does presence of delta wave suggest

A

Sign that ventricles were activated earlier and not from AV node
Spreads across myocardium causing a slurred uptake

89
Q

How should R wave progress

A

Small in V1 to large in V6

Poor progression suggests MI

90
Q

What is a pathological Q wave

A

> 2mm or 0.04ms

91
Q

Where is the J wave

A

Where S joins ST

Can be elevated toking like STEMI but just high take off

92
Q

How do you differentiate between J wave and MI

A

Multiple terrotiroy
T will also be raised
Do not change or evolve

93
Q

What is important to think of with the intervals

A

Do they change

Is it one off or is there a pattern

94
Q

What classifies as ST elevation

A

> 1mm (1 small square) in limb

>2mm in chest

95
Q

What causes ST elevation

A 
MI 
Pericarditis
Cardiomyopathy
ANeurysm 
SAH = rare but can
96
Q

What causes ST depression

A

Ischaemia
Digoxin
Hypokalaemia

97
Q

What is a tall T wave and what causes

A

> 5mm in limb or >10 in chest
Hyperkalaemia
STEMI

98
Q

What causes inverted T wave

A 
Ischaemia 
PE 
HCM / arrhythmogenic
SAH
Brugada 
Digoxin
Illness
99
Q

When is inverted T normal

A

V1 and III and aVR

100
Q

What causes biphasic

A

Ischaemic

Hypokalaemia

101
Q

What causes flattened

A

Ischaemia

Electroylte

102
Q

What causes U wave

A

Electrolyte

Anti-arrhythmia

103
Q

What is the cardiac axis

A

Heart depolarises from 11-5
Creates +ve deflection as depolarise towards I,II and III with lead ii most +ve
aVR = -ve

104
Q

What causes R axis deviation

A 
R ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary conditions
Cor-pulmonale
PE 
Lateral MI 
WPW if L sided accessory pathway
105
Q

What happens in R axis

A 
Depolarisation distorted to the R 
Depolarise now 1-7
Lead 1 = -ve 
Lead 3 = more +Ve 
aVF and III more +VE
106
Q

What causes L axis deviation

A 
Usually conduction defect
LBBB
Inferior MI
WPW if R sided pathway
Hyperkalaemia
107
Q

What happens in L axis

A

Lead 1 = most +Ve
Lead 3 = -ve
Only significant if lead 2 -ve as well

108
Q

What is 1st degree heart block

A

PR interval increasing

109
Q

What is 2nd degree Mobitz Type 1

A

Prolonged PR until drop in QRS then returns

Can occur in healthy young people with high vagal tone

110
Q

When do you worry about type 1

A

If during exercise or cause syncope

111
Q

What is type 2

A

PR prolonged but content drop in QRS

Ratio of 2:1 or 3:1

112
Q

If syncope + type 2

A

Admit
Pacemaker
High mortality

113
Q

What is complete heart block

A

No relationship between atrial and ventricular activity

114
Q

What is AV dissociation

A

Atrial and ventricular rate different
Must work out rate separately using P and R wave
If atria faster = heart block
If ventricular faster = VT

115
Q

Where do you look for BBB

A

V1 and V6

116
Q

What does a new onset LBBB suggest

A 
Pathology
MI
Aortic stenosis 
IHD
Hypertension
Cardiomyopathy
Digoxin / hyperkalaemia rare
117
Q

What are signs of LBBB

A

Broad QRS
William (W in V1 and M in V6)
Slurred / broad R wave

118
Q

What are signs of RBBB

A

Broad QRS
Marrow (M in V1 and W in B6)
Wide slurred S wave

119
Q

What causes RBBB

A 
Normal variant
RVH
Cor pulmonale
PE
MI
Cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
120
Q

Why can’t you see P wave in III

A

Doesn’t pick up depolarisation in lead III

121
Q

What occurs in AF

A

P wave absent as no atrial depolarisation from AV node

QRS with wobbly baseline

122
Q

What does VT look like

A

Broad mountains

cvs (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions